We demonstrate a self-starting dual-wavelength mode-locked fiber laser at a 2 μm spectral region by using a fiber taper in a Tm3+-doped ring fiber cavity. The fiber taper fabricated with a flame brushing technique was used as a periodic filter with a modulation depth of ~3.61 dB and a modulation period of ~7.3 nm, respectively. Diverse dual-wavelength regimes including continuous wave (CW)/multi-soliton, soliton/multi-soliton, and soliton/soliton regimes were obtained by adjusting pump power. Wavelength tuning for the dual-wavelength was also precisely controllable through stretching the fiber taper carefully. The tuning range was ~7 nm which was limited by the modulation period of the taper. By inserting a 10.0 m dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) into the fiber cavity, a stable dual-wavelength dissipative-soliton operation was obtained at 2 μm spectral region for the first time.
Coexistence of harmonic mode-locking (HML) and noise-like pulse (NLP) were experimentally observed in a dual-wavelength mode-locked Tm-doped fiber laser for the first time. The coexistence patterns were self-started and maintained within a wide pump range by appropriately setting the intra-cavity polarization state. The HML was obtained at 1955.3 nm with a varied repetition rate range from 324 MHz to 1.138 GHz which benefits from the dispersion compensation, while the NLP observing at 1983.2 nm can operate at either fundamental repetition rate of 4.765 MHz or second harmonic state. Experimental investigations show that the coexistence patterns are caused by the wavelength-dependent phase delay of the mode-locked fiber cavity. Moreover, dual-wavelength NLP was also observed for the first time at 2 μm spectral region by changing the intra-cavity polarization state.
We demonstrate a high repetition rate passive harmonic mode-locking (HML) based on nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE) technique in a Tm-doped ring fiber laser cavity. Small net anomalous cavity dispersion based on dispersion compensation benefited the generation of high repetition rate HML due to the low soliton splitting threshold. Stable HML with a repetition rate of up to 14.5 GHz and a super-mode suppression (SSR) of 19 dB was obtained at the center wavelength of 1982.3 nm, which is about ten times of state of the art at 2 μm band mode-locking fiber laser to our best knowledge. The repetition rate was selectable between 1 GHz to 14.5 GHz through changing the pump power and intra-cavity polarization state, and the SSR better than 25 dB was obtained as the repetition rate less than 5 GHz.
As 2 S 3 and As 2 Se 3 chalcogenide 3-bridges suspended-core fibers (SCFs) are designed with shifted zero-dispersion wavelengths (ZDWs) at around 1.5 µm, 2 µm, and 2.8 µm, respectively. A generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation is used to numerically compare supercontinuum (SC) generation in these SCFs pumped at an anomalous dispersion region nearby their ZDWs. Evolutions of the long-wavelength edge (LWE), the power proportion in the long-wavelength region (PPL), and spectral flatness (SF) are calculated and analyzed. Meanwhile, the optimal pump parameters and fiber length are given with LWE, PPL, and SF taken into account. For As 2 S 3 SCFs, SC from a 14 mm-long fiber with a ZDW of 2825 nm pumped at 2870 nm can achieve the longest LWE of ∼ 13 µm and PPL up to ∼72%. For As 2 Se 3 SCFs, the LWE of 15.5 µm and the highest PPL of ∼ 87% can be achieved in a 10 mm-long fiber with ZDW of 1982 nm pumped at 2000 nm. Although the As 2 Se 3 SCFs can achieve much longer LWE than the As 2 S 3 SCFs, the core diameter of As 2 Se 3 SCFs will be much smaller to obtain a similar ZDW, leading to lower damage threshold and output power. Finally, the optimal parameters for generating SC spanning over different mid-IR windows are given.
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