phenyl]-N,N-diphenylamine showed unexpected chemical reactivity and polymerized to form hyperbranched poly(p-methylenetriphenylamine) (PMTPA) under neat conditions. The hyperbranched PMTPA was electrochemically active and could be deposited on electrode surface when oxidized. The SEM study revealed that electropolymerization of PMTPA would form uniform coating on ITO surface. Polymeric light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) employing the electroactive hyperbranched PMTPA as hole-transport layer in ITO/electrochemically polymerized HTL/EML(PVK-PBD-Ir(ppy) 3 )/Mg/Ag demonstrated the brightness over 20 000 cd/m 2 and low turn-on voltage. In particular, the device performance was very steady regardless of the thickness of the PMTPA layer, ranging from 4 to 10 nm.
By dropwise addition of a solution of tricarboxamide-cored triphenylamine dendrimer G1 in THF into water (5 Â 10 À6 M), nanoparticles with average diameters of 80 AE 20 nm were formed and collected by centrifugation. The particles show aggregation induced emission and emit green light under photoluminescence conditions. The particles can be fused together by applying a concept of electrochemical curing; the G1 particles are coupled through electrochemical oxidation to form a film.This method provides a fast assembling process for constructing films in a few seconds. Fabrication of electrochromic and fluorescence switching devices was demonstrated.
The synthesis, spectro-electrochemical study, and electrochemical polymerization of bis(diphenylamino) substituted ferrocenes (Fcs), including the family of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole (OXD) bridged 1,1′-[p-(Ph 2 N)(C 6 H 4 ) n OXD] 2 Fc and the vinylene bridged ferrocene 1,1′-[p-(Ph 2 N)(C 6 H 4 )-(E)-CHdCH] 2 Fc, have been carried out. The ferrocene compounds underwent three stepwise one-electron oxidations to form the (3+) radical cations that further electrochemically polymerized on a Pt or an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode surface. The polymeric layers showed extremely good hole-injection properties. The polymeric light emitting devices (PLEDs) of ITO/ED-1,1′-[Ph 2 N(C 6 H 4 ) 3 OXD] 2 Fc/PVK:Ir(PPy) 3 :PBD/Mg-Ag showed a turn-on voltage (at 100 cd/m 2 ) of 11 V, with a maximum brightness of 27 700 cd/m 2 . The turn-on voltage was 1.5 V lower than that of the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)poly(styrenesulfonate) based PLED and 2 V lower than the corresponding electrochemically deposited poly(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)styrene) based PLED.
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