This study was aimed to investigate the electrokinetic removal of environmental hormone--nonylphenol (NP)--from soil matrix under potential gradient of 1 V cm -1 for 5-day treatment. The EK experiments were conducted with four processing fluids of de-ionized water, citric acid, NaOH, and methanol in a Pyrex glass cylindrical cell. Results showed that the elcetrokinetic removal efficiency of the above-mentioned processing fluid was 29, 36-38, 43-53, and 53-69%, respectively. It was found that the removal of NP in EK system was highly related to the solubility of NP in processing fluid. Approximate 88.8-94.2% of NP removal was collected in the cathode reservoir after EK treatment, which was 7.9-16.2 times greater than that collected in the anode reservoir. It was concluded that NP was mainly removed from anode to cathode by electroosmosis flow. The electrokinetic phenomenon of current density, electroosmistic permeability, and power consumption were also investigated.
Dopamine (DA) is commonly used to maintain the hemodynamic stability of brain-dead donors despite its controversial effects on organ functions. This study aimed at examining the hemodynamic effect of DA in a rat brain-dead model in vivo, alteration of hepatocyte integrity in liver grafts after ex vivo preservation, and changes in cultured clone-9 hepatocytes including cellular viability, cell cycle, apoptotic regulators, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-jB) signaling machinery. Although in vivo findings demonstrated enhanced portal venous blood flow and hepatic microcirculatory perfusion after DA infusion, no apparent advantage was noted in preserving hepatocyte integrity ex vivo. In vitro, prolonged exposure to high-dose DA reduced proliferation and induced G 1 growth arrest of clone-9 hepatocytes with concomitant decreases in B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)/B cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein (BAX) and heat shock protein 70/BAX protein ratios and intracellular NF-jB p65. Moreover, DA pretreatment suppressed LPS-elicited inhibitor of jBa phosphorylation and subsequent NF-jB nuclear translocation, suggesting that DA may down-regulate NF-jB signaling, thereby reducing expression of antiapoptotic regulators, such as BCL2. In conclusion, despite augmentation of hepatic perfusion, DA infusion failed to preserve hepatocyte integrity both in vivo and ex vivo. In vitro findings demonstrated that highdose DA may hamper the function of NF-jB signaling machinery and eventually undermine functional integrity of hepatocytes in liver grafts. Liver Transpl 21:1520-1532, 2015. V C 2015 AASLD.Received May 4, 2015; accepted September 11, 2015. Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter structurally belonging to the catecholamine family (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) and well studied for its role in mental functioning including thinking and feeling. 1 DA is also one of the most popular medications being used in the intensive care unit for maintaining Additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article.
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