The beliefs that "psychological and social interventions are more effective than pharmacotherapy" and "antidepressants are harmful and addictive" must specifically be taken into account in clinical practice and in anti-stigma campaigns. Additional studies are needed to understand the public's tendency to conceptualise depression as a psychosocial problem. In clinical practice, depression should be introduced as a bio-psychosocial disease whatever its cause: biological, psychological or social. In addition, the differences between extreme worry and disease, and the lack of aggressiveness of depressive patients, must be emphasised.
İstanbul'da 10. sınıf öğrencileri arasında yaşam boyu tütün, alkol ve madde kullanım yaygınlığı Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı İstanbul/Türkiye'de 10. sınıf öğrencileri arasında yaşam boyu tütün, alkol ve madde kullanma yaygınlığını belirlemektir. Yöntem: İstanbul'un 15 farklı ilçesinde 45 okulda kesitsel yapılan online kendi-bildirimli anket çalışmasıdır. Soru formu demografik verileri, ailede ya da çevrede madde kullanımı, okul yaşamı, sosyal iletişim ve tütün, nargile, alkol, esrar, uçucular, eroin, kokain, reçete edilmemiş yasal sakinleştiriciler (benzodiazepinler, alprazolam vs.) ve yasal olmayan sakinleştiricileri (flunitrazepam) de içeren madde kullanımı bölümlerini içermekteydi. Analiz 4957 olguyu temel alarak yürütülmüştür. Bulgular: Yaşam boyu en az bir kez deneme oranı en yüksek nargile kullanımındaydı (%45.4). Onu sırasıyla alkol (%34.2), sigara (%24.4), uçucu maddeler (%4.9), benzodiazepin (%3.8), esrar (%2.9), kokain (%0.6) ve eroin (%0.4) takip etmekteydi. Eroin, ecstasy ve esrar kullanım riski erkek öğrencilerde daha yüksekti. Ayrıca verilerimiz tütün kullanımının diğer tüm maddelerin kullanım riskini arttırdığını göstermiştir. Sonuç: Onbeş milyon nüfusu ve heterojen yapısı ile İstanbul'da halihazırdaki madde kullanım verilerini belirlemenin önemli olduğuna inanıyoruz. Bununla birlikte Türkiye'nin farklı coğrafi bölgelerini kapsayan bir çalışmanın gerekliliği de ortadadır.
The aim of this study was to evaluate psychometric properties of the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) and the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10) in prisoners with (n = 124) or without (n = 78) drug use disorder. Participants were evaluated with the DUDIT, the DAST-10, and the Addiction Profile Index-Short (API-S). The DUDIT and the DAST-10 were found to be psychometrically sound drug abuse screening measures with high convergent validity when compared with each other (r = 0.86), and API-S (r = 0.88 and r = 0.84, respectively), and to have a Cronbach's α of 0.93 and 0.87, respectively. In addition, a single component accounted for 58.28% of total variance for DUDIT, whereas this was 47.10% for DAST-10. The DUDIT had sensitivity and specificity scores of 0.95 and 0.79, respectively, when using the optimal cut-off score of 10, whereas these scores were 0.88 and 0.74 for the DAST-10 when using the optimal cut-off score of 4. Additionally, both the DUDIT and the DAST-10 showed good discriminant validity as they differentiated prisoners with drug use disorder from those without. Findings support the Turkish versions of both the DUDIT and the DAST-10 as reliable and valid drug abuse screening instruments that measure unidimensional constructs.
The use of paint thinner and glue to achieve an euphoric state has been associated with serious social and health problems in children and young adults. We present the case of a 21-year-old man with dilated cardiomyopathy occurring following abuse of paint thinner and glue containing toluene as main compound. After cessation of toluene abuse, the patient recovered rapidly and completely. Because of the increasing prevalence of toluene abuse, harmful effects of this volatile agent on the heart are also discussed.
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