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This study aims to examine the ignition pattern of CI engines run by nonedible mango seed biodiesel (MSBD). This work is also aimed to improve the ignition pattern of diesel engines by inducing hydrogen as a dual fuel in the intake manifold at various mass flow rates of 5 and 10 L per minute (lpm). Various parameters were calculated with varying intake hydrogen rates with MSBD and compared with diesel. Results concluded that the hydrogen supply at 10 lpm improved peak pressure by 3.22 bar, heat release rate (HRR) by 5.47 J/°C A, and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 3.4% of MSBD. Further, hydrogen supply also reduced overall HC by 0.36 g/ kWh, CO by 3.9 g/kWh, and smoke emission by 3.8 Bosch smoke unit (BSU) at all brake mean effective pressures (BMEPs) from neat MSBD with a 3.3 g/kWh increase in NO. Further, this research work reveals that hydrogen addition at 10 lpm with MSBD shall improve the ignition patterns of a diesel engine.

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In this article, the free vibration behavior of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite plate is investigated under elevated thermal environment. The carbon nanotube reinforced composite plate has been modeled mathematically using higher order shear deformation theory. The material properties of carbon nanotube reinforced composite plate are assumed to be temperature dependent and graded in the thickness direction using different grading rules. The effective material properties of the functionally graded plate are introduced in the present model through a micromechanical model under temperature load. The governing differential equation of the functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite plate is obtained using Hamilton’s principle. The domain is discretized using the suitable isoparametric finite element steps and solved numerically through a computer code developed in MATLAB environment. The validity and the convergence behavior of the present numerical results have been checked and a simulation model is also developed in commercial finite element package (ANSYS) using ANSYS parametric design language code. The effect of various geometrical parameters (aspect ratios, support conditions, and thickness ratios), the grading effect, and the temperature variation on the free vibration behavior of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite are examined and discussed in detail.

In this article, the vibration characteristics of carbon nanotube reinforced sandwich curved shell panel are investigated under the elevated thermal environment. The sandwich panel component (face and core layer) properties are assumed to be temperature-dependent including various distribution of the carbon nanotube for the face sheets of the sandwich structure. The sandwich structural behavior has been modeled mathematically using the higher-order shear deformation theory. The governing differential equation of motion of the free vibrated sandwich panel is obtained using the classical Hamilton's principle and transformed to the set of algebraic form with the help of suitable finite element steps. Further, fundamental frequencies of the curved sandwich shell panel are obtained numerically by means of a generalized computer code developed in MATLAB with the help of the present higher-order mathematical model. The accuracy and the stability of the present numerical results have been checked through the proper convergence test. The model is again extended to work out the frequency responses for few more cases and compared with those available published results including the simulation responses (ANSYS). Finally, a wide variety of numerical examples have been solved for various design parameters (volume fraction of CNT, core to face thickness ratios, length to thickness ratios, aspect ratios, support conditions, curvature ratios, and types of grading) of CNT sandwich curved panel and underlined their effects in details under the uniform thermal load. POLYM. COM-POS., 00:000-000,

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