Background Transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) is a molecule involved in processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex class I restricted antigens, including tumor-associated antigens. TAP1 participates in tumor immunity, and is aberrantly expressed in multiple cancer types; Methods Transcriptome profiles were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases. Genetic alterations, protein distribution, and interaction information for TAP1 were downloaded from cBioPortal, Human Protein Atlas and Compartmentalized Protein–Protein Interaction, respectively. Single-cell analyses of TAP1 across cancers were conducted via the Tumor Immune Single-cell Hub website. Gene set enrichment analysis was employed to investigate TAP1-associated functional mechanisms and processes. Immune cell infiltration was explored using Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2.0. Pan-cancer correlations between TAP1 expression and immunotherapy biomarkers were explored using the Spearman’s correlation test. Associations with immunotherapy responses were also investigated using clinicopathological and prognostic information from cohorts of patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Results TAP1 expression was elevated in most cancer types and exhibited distinct prognostic value. Immune cells expressed more TAP1 than malignant cells within most tumors. TAP1 expression was significantly correlated with immune-related pathways, T-lymphocyte infiltration, and immunotherapeutic biomarkers. Clinical cohort validation revealed a significant correlation with immune therapeutic effects and verified the prognostic role of TAP1 in immunotherapy. Western blot assay indicated that TAP1 is upregulated in glioblastoma compared with adjacent normal brain tissues. Conclusion TAP1 is a robust tumor prognostic biomarker and a novel predictor of clinical prognosis and immunotherapeutic responses in various cancer types.
Background: Transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) is a transporter that processes and presents the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) restricted antigens, including tumor-associated antigens. TAP1 is aberrantly expressed in multiple cancer types, and also involves in tumor immunity. Therefore, the predictive role of TAP1 in cancer development and treatment is expected. Methods: Transcriptomic profiles were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. Genetic alteration, protein distribution and interaction information were downloaded from cbioPortal, Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and Compartmentalized Protein-Protein Interaction (ComPPI), respectively. Single-cell analysis was conducted on Tumor Immune Single-cell Hub (TISCH) website. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was employed to investigate the functioning mechanism of TAP1 by R package “clusterProfiler”. Immune cell infiltration of Pan-cancer was explored by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) 2.0 webtool and visualized by R programming language. Correlation between TAP1 expression and immunotherapy biomarkers was explored using Spearman’s correlation test. Association with immunotherapy responses of TAP1 was investigated using the information of the cancer cohorts with patients received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Results: TAP1 expression was elevated in most pan-cancer types and exhibited distinct prognostic value in diverse cancer types. Within tumor tissues, immune cells expressed more TAP1 than malignant cells. TAP1 expression was significantly correlated with immune-related pathways, infiltration of T lymphocytes and immunotherapeutic biomarkers. Cohort validation revealed a significant correlation with immune therapeutic effects and verified the prognostic role of TAP1 in immunotherapy. Western blot assay indicated that TAP1 is upregulated in GBMs compared with adjacent normal brain tissues (NBTs).Conclusion: TAP1 was a robust tumor biomarker, and a novel predictor of clinical prognosis and immunotherapeutic responses in distinct cancer types.
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