Single-crystal n-type GaN nanowires have been grown epitaxially on a Mg-doped p-type GaN substrate. Piezoelectric nanognerators based on GaN nanowires are investigated by conductive AFM, and the results showed an output power density of nearly 12.5 mW/m(2). Luminous LED modules based on n-GaN nanowires/p-GaN substrate have been fabricated. CCD images of the lighted LED and the corresponding electroluminescence spectra are recorded at a forward bias. Moreover, the GaN nanowire LED can be lighted up by the power provided by a ZnO nanowire based nanogenerator, demonstrating a self-powered LED using wurtzite-structured nanomaterials.

Consider the regression model Y~*=g(x*)+e*, i=1,2,...,n, where x*'s denote unordered design variables, and g is an unknown function defined on the interval [0,1]. Assume {e~:} are iid random variables with zero mean and finite variance. Priestley and Chao (1972) and Clark (1977) proposed estimators g2,, and g3,, respectively for g. In this paper, the asymptotic behavior of g2, and g3~ is studied utilizing the properties of the new estimator g1,,. It is shown that gl,, gz,, g3, are asymptotically equivalent in various senses. Moreover, consistency results are established and rates of uniform convergence obtained. For example, if E te*t 3 < o% if g is Lipschitz of order 1, and if {fiR} is any sequence of constants tending to oo as n~oo, then for all 0

⋄ Objectives Comparisons of survival in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and on hemodialysis (HD) have been conducted in many Western countries, but publications on this subject in Asian populations are scarce. The present study estimated the survival and the relative mortality hazard for HD and PD patients in Taiwan. ⋄ Methods Incident end-stage renal disease patients reported to the Taiwan Renal Registry during 1995 – 2002 were included in the study. Patients had to be 20 years of age or older and had to have survived for the first 90 days on dialysis. A total of 45 820 incident HD and 2809 incident PD patients formed the study population. Patients on PD were treated mainly with traditional glucose-based solutions. Using an intent-to-treat analysis, the Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model was applied to identify the factors that predict survival by treatment modality. Subgroup analyses were conducted by stratifying patients according to sex, comorbidity, age, and diabetes status. Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to explore the survival of HD and PD patients. Adjustments were implemented using the CPH model. ⋄ Results The overall 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 5-year and 10-year survival rates for PD patients were 89.8%, 77.6%, 67.6%, 55.5%, and 35% respectively. The equivalent survival rates for HD patients were 87.5%, 76.6%, 68.1%, 54.3%, and 33.8%. The differences were not statistically significant ( p = 0.125). The CPH analysis stratified by diabetes status and age revealed that PD patients 55 years of age or younger and nondiabetic had a lower mortality ratio (MR) of 0.94. But the MR increased to 1.31 for nondiabetic patients older than 55. The MR for PD versus HD further increased to 1.72 for diabetic patients 55 years of age or younger, and to 1.99 for diabetic patients older than 55. ⋄ Conclusions After adjusting for both demographic and clinical case-mix differences, PD and HD patients were observed to have similar long-term survival. Subgroup analyses revealed that, among diabetic patients and patients older than 55, those on HD experienced better survival than did those on PD.

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