This study seeks to estimate energy poverty using a multidimensional and wide-ranging category of indicators via the GRA-SRA approach. The study entails a case study analysis of the N-11 nations utilizing data from 2000 to 2017. Thus, a formulation of multidimensional energy poverty indexes of multidimensional indicators crosswise three dimensions is carried out. Energy availability, energy affordability, and energy cleanability, with regard to the N11 nations, are taken into account. The findings reveal that total energy poverty has progressed. We discover that Bangladesh (0.65) and Pakistan (0.47) are at risk concerning energy poverty, whereas the Philippines (0.36), Indonesia (0.33), and Vietnam (0.28) are less exposed to energy poverty. The relative changes in energy poverty are discovered among the N11 nations, where South Korea witnessed a consistent advancement in energy poverty, whereas Iran displayed a reduced trajectory and a vacillating trend. The findings indicate that the energy sources utilized for warming homes are essential within the scenario of energy poverty and inequality. Contrary to traditional steps, we assess the multidimensional energy poverty at the national level instead of the depths of gravity of energy poverty specifically for the energy-poor as against the whole population.
Background: The uses and gratifications theory suggests that various types of media can greatly affect people’s lives. This is especially true among older adults who tend to use media for leisure. However, there is insufficient research regarding the relationship between media usage, depression, and quality of life among older adults. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the association between media usage (traditional and internet media), depression, and quality of life among older adults. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, this study recruited individuals aged 65 years and older in central Taiwan and collected data via a structured questionnaire. Contents of the questionnaire included demographic details, a media usage behavior questionnaire, the Brief Symptoms Rating Scale (BSRS-5), and the Quality of Life Scale developed by the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF). Subsequently, multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between media usage, depression, and quality of life of older adults. Results: The average age of the 252 participants (107 males) was 70.0 ± 5.4 years. Regression analysis revealed a significant, negative relationship between the number of hours spent watching television and the degree of depression. Additionally, the number of hours spent watching television was significantly negatively related to the quality of life in terms of both the psychological health and social relationships categories. In contrast, the number of hours spent reading newspapers and magazines was significantly positively related to quality of life in the categories of psychological health, social relationships, and environment. Finally, the number of hours spent browsing internet media was significantly positively related to the quality of life in the psychological health category. Conclusion: Media usage may affect the degree of depression and quality of life of older adults depending on the type of media and amount of usage.
Data from a survey of 21 European nations from 2006 to 2018 investigates the relationship between economic development and carbon dioxide emissions. The PCA of normalised factors is used to create three quantitative measures for financial intermediation dependent on the results of the study. When estimating the framework, we used the Hoechle method, which generates systematic deviation for linear panel styles that really are not homoskedasticity coherent and moreover resistant to broad types of cross-sectional dependency. We observe that earnings, resource utilization, industrialization, urbanisation, foreign direct investment, and the banking system all seem to have contributed to increased carbon dioxide emissions in the area. However, greater economic access appears to have resulted in a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. In terms of quality, the results are resilient to a variety of alternative proxies for financial inclusions as well as acceptable changes to the conceptual framework. According to the empirical findings, there are currently no regulatory interactions linking increasing economic development and reducing carbon dioxide emissions at the national level. As a result, economic growth should be incorporated into the implementation of sustainable green economy plans at the municipal, provincial, and city levels, particularly to counteract the documented detrimental impact of higher carbon dioxide emissions associated with increased financial inclusion.
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