BACKGROUND: The construction and application of antimicrobial drugs on the basis of nanoparticles of metals, silver and gold in particular, are staying casual up to now.
AIM: was to study the spectrum of antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles of silver and gold developed by means of chemical recovery and stabilized with native and synthetic compounds.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The paper presents the results of a study of the antimicrobial activity of aqueous dispersions of silver and gold nanoparticles against standard and clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, which were sensitive to methicillin. Natural (carboxymethylcellulose, sodium oleate) and synthetic (polyvinyl alcohol, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyazolidylammonium modified with iodine hydrate ions) polymeric compounds were used as stabilizers.
RESULTS: The high antistaphylococcal activity of the studied drugs was established, which depended on the stabilizer used. The highest efficiency of biocidal action was revealed for aqueous dispersions of metal nanoparticles stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol and polyazolidylammonium modified with iodine hydrate ions, which did not depend on the strain differences of microorganisms.
CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained open up prospects for the use of aqueous dispersions of silver and gold nanoparticles as active components in the development of new antiseptic preparations and photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.
Currently, metal nanostructures are widely used in medical, microbiological, and veterinary practice. Silver nanoparticles are especially promising as antimicrobial agents, becauseno published data regarding antimicrobial resistance are available. Whiledeveloping preparations based on metal nanoparticles, an important remainingissue is the choice of a stabilizer, introduction of which during the synthesis ensures the preservation of structures at the nanoscale range, and, consequently, relevant main characteristics, including biocidal properties. The object of the study was to investigate silver nanoparticle aqueous dispersions stabilized by natural and synthetic polymeric compounds. Routine strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were used as experimental models: S. aureus 209 P, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 3177 (O-form), Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 31488, obtained from the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products. The antimicrobial activity of diverse variants of silver nanoparticle aqueous dispersions was assessed by serial dilution platingon dense nutrient medium. In this work, we examined no effect of silver nanoparticles without stabilizers, because their absence led to rapid agglomeration of nanostructures and loss of nanoscale characteristics. The highest sensitivity of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was foundto the action of ansilver nanoparticle aqueous dispersions stabilized by polyazolidinammoniumand modified with iodine hydrate ions. Drug working concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 3% had a bactericidal effect against pathogens of purulent-inflammatory diseases, and the minimum working concentration of 0.125% led to decreased colony-forming units by 2057% for diverse bacterial strains. Silver nanoparticles stabilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate showed high efficiency against the studied test strainsprobably due to the high toxicity of the stabilizer used as was previously established during a comprehensive safety assessment using biotest objects and cell cultures. In this regard, its use as a component of antimicrobial preparations is not preferred. The results of the studies showed that among the variants of silver nanoparticle aqueous dispersions, preparations stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol and polyazolidinammonium modified with iodine hydrate ions are the most promising for use in biomedical practice, because they demonstrate a high level of antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as causative agents of purulent-inflammatory diseases and a low toxicity level. This allows us to recommend them as safe and effective antimicrobial components indisinfectants, as well as antiseptic preparations for prevention and treatment of skin and soft tissue infectious diseases.
Проанализирована ферментативная активность бактерий вида Chryseobacterium arthrospherae, выделенных из дыхательных путей пациентов с муковисцидозом. Целью работы являлось изучение ферментов как фактора патогенности. Материалом для исследования являлись 20 штаммов бактерий, полученных от людей из разных субъектов Российской Федерации. В методах использовали различные дифференциально-диагностические среды, а также планшетные тест-системы. По результатам работы было выявлено, что большая часть штаммов бактерий Chryseobacterium arthrospherae обладает широким диапазоном ферментативной активности, которая может играть роль в патогенезе, например, при инвазии и колонизации. Целесообразно продолжить изучение бактерий рода Chryseobacterium как потенциального патогена, а также выявить клиническую роль микроорганизмов в инфекционном процессе, протекающем в респираторном тракте больных муковисцидозом.
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