Recently, polymer composite materials are the most widely used elements in engineering applications. In this work, hybrid polymer composites of epoxy (E) reinforced with sisal (SF), banana (BF), coir (CF) and sisal/banana/coir (SBCF) fibers were fabricated by compression molding process.
Seven commercial steels in the form of plate, forging, or weldments supplied by Japan, France, and the Federal Republic of Germany to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Co-ordinated Research Programme on “Analysis of the Behaviour of Advanced Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels under Neutron Irradiation” were irradiated at 290°C to a nominal fast fluence of 1 × 1019 n/cm2 (>1 MeV) to evaluate the embrittlement sensitivity of these steels under neutron irradiation. These steels were basically of ASTM Types A533 and A508 (Unified Numbering System [UNI] K12521 and K13502) and their weldments, which had extra low copper and phosphorous contents. The copper and phosphorous contents in these individual steels varied from 0.01 to 0.07 wt% and 0.007 to 0.015 wt%, respectively. The nickel contents in these steels varied from 0.56 to 0.93 wt%.
The scope of this study was mainly to evaluate the changes in the notch ductility, tensile properties, and hardness as caused by fast neutron irradiation. This paper reports the results obtained on these advanced pressure vessel steels in the form of base metal, weldments, and weld heat affected zones. The results indicated that these advanced steels were practically insensitive to fast neutron induced embrittlement. The relative embrittlement of these steels were further analyzed to examine the contribution of nickel in presence of copper in causing embrittlement. The impact test results indicated that threshold amounts of 0.04-wt% copper and 0.7-wt% nickel would perhaps be required to cause relatively enhanced embrittlement in these steels, confirming thereby that nickel in presence of copper can cause enhanced fast neutron induced embrittlement.
Wheel rims are one of the important parts of automotive, where it is heavily undergoes static and fatigue failures as the wheel travels in different road conditions. As it develops, the heavy stress produced, critical stress and number of cycles to failure were found. The design and shape of the wheel rim were to be accommodated for the requirement of vehicle. The wheel rims are mostly employed alloy materials with suitable parameters. A 3D model of wheel rim was made with Creo Parametric Software and then it was converted into IGES format and imported into ANSYS. Static analysis was performed using ANSYS 19.2 software and results were obtained by performing the analysis, it gives the differences in the behaviour of the model. In this static analysis, we found out Equivalent Von-mises stress, Equivalent Elastic strain and Total Deformation by applying fixed supports in lug holes and pressure of 0.27579 Mpa (40 psi) is applied on the outer surface of the rim for 3 different materials such as Steel, Aluminum alloy and Magnesium alloy.
It is progressively felt that the lateral expansion criterion should be included for the determination of the transition temperature for irradiation embrittlement studies as this criterion compensates for the effects of irradiation induced increases in the strength. Lateral expansion measurements on irradiated specimens require specially designed jigs and time consuming remote measurements to be made inside a shielded cell. Results generated on eighth A533 and A508 category of pressure vessel steels and weldments containing copper contents up to 0.125 wt%, phosphorous contents up to 0.015 wt%, and subjected to fast neutron fluences (>1 MeV) of the order of 1 × 1019 n/cm2 at 290°C were analyzed to find out whether fixed energy criterion alone could be used instead of lateral expansion criterion. The adjusted reference temperature RTNDT of these irradiated steels and weldments, as obtained from the unirradiated reference temperature RTNDT according to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Code, Section III, and the temperature shift at 41J absorbed energy (ΔT41J), were compared with the reference temperature RTNDT of the irradiated steels and weldments as obtained directly as per ASME Code, Section III. It was observed that in practically all these materials, the latter values were conservative. It was found that for these steels and weldments, if 68J absorbed energy criterion is used, no lateral expansion measurements need to be carried out.
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