This study investigated the economic efficiency of pig production in Ogbomoso zone, agricultural zone in Oyo State, Nigeria, between June and October 2009 using stochastic production frontier approach. A multistage sampling technique was employed in the selection; Ogbomoso North and South Local Government Areas were purposively selected because of the larger population of pig farmers and structured questionnaires were used to collect data from randomly chosen one hundred and ten (110) pig farmers. Descriptive statistics, cost benefit analysis and stochastic frontier production function were used for analyzing the data. It was revealed from the findings that mean benefit cost ratio for pig production was 2.82, this means that the enterprise is profitable. The result of the Cobb-Douglass stochastic production frontier function also showed that stocking cost, cost of feed and cost of labour had positive significant effects on the production output, the estimated gamma parameter (γ) was 0.780 and highly significant at 99% (0.01). Sex, age and household size had negative significant effects on economic inefficiency. The sum of elasticity was 1.191, indicating a positive increasing return to scale in the study area which might lead to over utilization of inputs in terms of excess spending on inputs. Although, the pig farmers were found to be operating on the frontier and were generally economically efficient, higher improvement could still be achieved through easy accessibility to institutional credit, pens expansion, improved breeding stocks and provision of technical assistance.
Nigerian university campuses are facing the twin problems of providing portable water of adequate quantity and quality and the sustainability of such supply. This paper examines the water demand status of a public University in Nigeria. Domestic, Public and Industrial water uses were considered while population forecasting was done using regression analysis for a 30 years design period (2018 – 2048). Results reveals possible population increase of 53.8 % by 2048 when the institution will clock 60 years. Water demand is also expected to rise sharply from 5,206 m3 day -1 (2018) to 10,959 m3 day -1 (2048); existing storage capacity cannot satisfy the current needs not to talk of the projected demand hence, a reservoir of about 11,000 m3 will be needed to service the university for the next 30 years; attracting more investments into the water supply system becomes imperative as the existing supplies from groundwater is unsustainable.
Keywords: Water Demand; Population; University; Sustainability; Growth
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