In many projects the problem of selecting the start time of a non-critical activity arises. Usually it is possible to use the “as soon as possible” or “as late as possible” rules. In some situations, however, the result of such a decision depends on external factors such as exchange rate. This leads to an approach in which the problem of scheduling non-critical activities is solved using an expanded Cox–Ross–Rubinstein (CRR) binomial tree method. In the paper a bi-criteria problem of determining the start time of a non-critical activity is considered. We assume that the early start and the late start of the activity have been identified using Critical Path Method, but the project manager is free to select the time when the activity will actually be started. This decision cannot, however, be changed later, as it is associated with the allocation of key resources. Two main criteria are considered: cost and risk. While cost depends on exchange rate, risk increases with the delay of the start of the activity. The problem can be described as a dynamic process. We propose a new interactive technique for solving such a bi-criteria decision making problem under risk. The procedure uses trade-offs to identify a candidate solution. The CRR binomial method is applied to evaluate the cost of the activity.
Traditionally, the evaluation of development projects is made on the basis of financial criteria. In the context of sustainable development, the social and environmental aspects must also be considered. Contemporary project valuation takes into account not only the static planned cash flows but also opportunities that may appear, known as real options. This paper describes a method for the valuation of development projects, taking into account the above aspects of valuation.
Streszczenie. Złożoność współczesnych projektów powoduje konieczność ustanowienia wspólnych platform porozumienia dla specjalistów różnych dziedzin, biorących w nich udział. Jest to istotne w projektach technicznych, w których należy brać pod uwagę nie tylko aspekty techniczne ale także aspekty biznesowe. Specyficzna sytuacja ma miejsce w projektach informatycznych, które opracowały swoje własne metody wytwarzania oprogramowania. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie wyników analizy porównawczej standardów stosowanych w obszarze zarządzania projektami technicznymi. Dokonano także porównania z podejściami stosowanymi w projektach informatycznych.Słowa kluczowe: zarządzanie projektami, projekty techniczne, projekty informatyczne PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN TECHNICAL AND IT PROJECTSAbstract. The complexity of contemporary projects leds to necessity the establishment of common platforms of agreement for professionals from the various fields involved in project. This is especially important in technical projects, where not only technical but also business aspects must be considered. The specific situation takes place in IT projects that have developed their own software development methods. The aim of this paper is to present the results of comparative analysis of standards used in the field of technical project management. There was also a comparison with the approaches used in IT projects. Swoją specyfikę mają projekty informatyczne. Zwłaszcza w obszarze tworzenia oprogramowania stworzone specyficzne metody wytwarzania oprogramowania nazywane także projektami, lecz zakres znaczeniowy tego pojęcia jest innych od stosowanego w dwu pierwszych akapitach. Jest to domena inżynierii oprogramowania. Wzajemne relacje pomiędzy tymi trzema obszarami ludzkiej działalności przedstawiono na rys. 1.Przedstawiona praca ma na celu przedstawienie wyników analizy porównawczej zakresu przedstawionych na rys.
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