This paper presents an in situ implementation of the weigh-in-motion (WIM) concept for the railway transport. The presented WIM system constitutes a part of a larger structural health monitoring system dedicated to railway bridges. The identification of train load acting on a bridge is necessary for performing subsequent identification of damage in the analyzed structure. Some existing WIM methods in the railway applications have been reviewed. The authors' implementation based on piezoelectric sensors has been described in detail. Hardware development of the WIM system, including wireless data transfer to a remote analysis centre, has been outlined. Results from measurement sessions carried out in situ have been presented and successfully verified by a numerical model of rail-sleeper-ground interaction. 1 1 99 2 5 6 K. SEKUŁA AND P. KOŁAKOWSKI
This paper presents results of in situ investigation of a railway truss bridge in the context of structural health monitoring (SHM). Three experimental methods are examined. Dynamic responses of the bridge recorded by strain gauges are confronted with alternative ways of acquisition using piezoelectric patch sensors and ultrasonic probeheads. All types of sensors produce similar output. Also the corresponding responses of the numerical model of the bridge match experimental data.
The so-called AdaptiveImpact Absorption(AIA) is a research area ofsafety engineeringdevoted to problems of shock absorption in various unpredictable scenarios of collisions. It makes use ofsmart technologies(systems equipped with sensors, controllable dissipaters and specialised tools for signal processing). Examples of engineering applications for AIA systems are protective road barriers, automotive bumpers or adaptive landing gears. One of the most challenging problems for AIA systems is on-line identification of impact loads, which is crucial for introducing the optimum real-time strategy of adaptive impact absorption. This paper presents the concept of animpactometerand develops the methodology able to perform real-time impact load identification. Considered dynamic excitation is generated by a massM1impacting with initial velocityV0. An analytical formulation of the problem, supported with numerical simulations and experimental verifications is presented. Two identification algorithms based on measured response of the impacted structure are proposed and discussed. Finally, a concept of the AIA device utilizing the idea ofimpactometeris briefly presented.
A railway bridge has been the object of investigation since mid 2007 as a response to increasing interest in structural health monitoring (SHM) from Polish Railways. It is a typical 40 m long, steel truss structure spanning a channel in Nieporet near Warsaw. There is over 1500 similar bridges in the railway network in Poland. The integrated system consists of two components weigh in motion (WIM) part for identification of train load and SHM part for assessing the state of the bridge. Two aspects of wireless transmission are considered short range (in the vicinity of the bridge, 2.4GHz) and far range (from the bridge to the data analysis center, GSM). The system is designed to be energetically self-sufficient, batteries are recharged by solar panels. Both the subsystems use piezoelectric strain sensors. Numerical model of the bridge corresponds well to the experimental data and provides a good starting point for considering different scenarios of simulated damage in the structure.
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