Predictive methods for real‐time flood operation of water systems consisting of reservoirs located in parallel on tributaries to the main river are presented and discussed. The aspect of conflicting individual goals of the local decision units and other objectives important from an overall point of view is taken into account. The particular attention is focused on hierarchical control structure which provides framework for organization of an on‐line reservoir management problem. The important factor involved in flood control the uncertainty with respect to future inflows is taken into consideration. A case study of the upper Vistula river basin system in the southern part of Poland is presented. Simulation results based on 11 historical floods are briefly described and discussed.

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In this paper an operational control for the Toronto's Transmission Water System (TWS) is considered. The main objective of the ongoing Transmission Operations Optimizer (TOO) project consists in developing an advanced optimization and control tool for providing such pumping schedules for 153 pumps, that all quantitative requirements (such as pressure, flow, water level and water quality) with respect to the system operation are met, while the energy costs of delivering fresh water are minimized.

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