The aging of society will result in a dramatic increase of the age-related incidence and the effects of Alzheimer's disease will be acutely felt not only by the patients but also by their families, carers and the whole population. The population of Poland is approximately 40 million. The aging process can be observed in Poland, the main reasons for that are: the declining birth rate and simultaneously the lengthening of the average human lifespan. During the discussion about medical, moral and social problems connected with the care of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Each of us sometimes forgets about something, for example, where we put the keys or if we turned off the gas or iron. One should start to worry when this happens very often, many times during the day. To discuss the care of patients with Alzheimer's disease the following information should be taken into consideration in order to know how to prepare the working conditions and environment for the caregivers: Wstęp. Starzenie się społeczeństwa spowoduje drastyczny wzrost liczby zachorowań związanych z wiekiem, a skutki choroby Alzheimera odczują dotkliwie nie tylko sami chorzy, ale również ich rodziny, opiekunowie i społeczeństwo.
Abstract. The purpose of this article is to discuss the legal aspects applicable in emergency psychiatric intervention. Therefore, inter alia, the provisions of the act on the protection of mental health (dated August 19, 1994) and the act on the rights of the patient and the Patient's Rights Ombudsman (6 November 2008) are recalled in this article. In addition, examples of the emergency states in which psychiatric interventions may take place are given in this paper. Moreover, the importance of the therapeutic-diagnostic contact with the patient with psychopathological disorders is taken into account. The article highlights the need for the knowledge of the aforementioned legal aspects since, in many cases, it can protect the life of the patient or the life of medical staff.Keywords: mental health, legal aspects, psychiatric intervention, Patient's Rights Ombudsman, therapeutic-diagnostic contact. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/2513Wstęp Stany nagłe w psychiatrii to takie zaburzenia myślenia, afektu i zachowania, które wymagają natychmiastowego działania w celu uniknięcia poważnych skutków (śmierć, urazy fizyczne i psychiczne lub zniszczenie mienia) (Kaplan, Sadock, Sadock, 2009). Interwencjom w stanach nagłych towarzyszą intensywne emocje, lęk, agresja, bezradność, niejednoznaczność wyborów. Osoba pomagająca pacjentowi w ostrym stanie musi być świadoma swoich przeżyć oraz powinna znać podstawowe akty prawne, regulujące zasadność postępowania. Pomaga to w dystansowaniu się od wyżej wymienionych emocji i ich wpływu na racjonalność podejmowanych decyzji. Nikt nie jest w stanie w warunkach silnego napięcia funkcjonować bezbłędnie (Heitzman, Furgał, 2007). Aktualna wiedza prawna powoduje minimalizowanie możliwych skutków błędów medycznych. W grupie wykroczeń zawodowych lekarzy i pielęgniarek literatura medyczna najczęściej w tym zakresie podaje: nieprzestrzeganie tajemnicy zawodowej, naruszenie prawa pacjenta do poszanowania godności osobistej i intymności, podmiotowe traktowanie pacjentów, brak kultury, niewłaściwe postawy wobec pacjenta i jego najbliższych, ograniczanie dostępu do informacji na temat stanu zdrowia pacjenta, nieuzasadnione podanie silnych leków uspokajających lub neuroleptyków, zacierające obraz kliniczny, utrudniające diagnozę lub w wypadku
The care provided for patients with Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia is expensive. The patient requires a lot of healthcare products, medicines, rehabilitation equipment and paid protective services and nursing care. Care costs increase with the progression of the disease. Rest and respite from looking after the patient are the carer's significant need. Despite the exhaustion caused by long-term care of the sick, the carer is often unaware of that need.
The aim of this work is to present a role of a nurse in caring and to showing the main problems among a child with abdominal hernia it also shows how to construct a standard procedure before and after planning surgery of abdominal hernia among children. Role of the nurse in caring the child with abdominal hernia that it comes down to caring, educational-pedagogic, preventative and therapeutic functions. The nurse in her professional, has to prepare a patient and his family to cooperate in a cherish process, helps a charge to do his life's doings, facilities an access to information about his health, supports his mental state, influences on patient in shaping his forest health properly, takes out decisions that prevent from occurring a complication and diseases from using a diagnosing method and a treatment. The work also indicates the most often problems among a child with abdominal hernia. We should count: appearing of a pain in different intensity in a area of stomach, an annoyance and anxiety of the child because of the disease, a measure phobia, rising body temperature, an infection of surgical wound, engorgement and blushing of surgical wound, retching and vomiting, respiratory disorders and recurrent of hernia.
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