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This paper intends to study the effect between service quality and customer satisfaction; customer satisfaction and customer loyalty; also the effect of demographics as moderator toward the relationships. The demographic variables: gender, age, education level, and income, are considered as the moderating factors. The respondents are passengers using low cost airline only in domestic. Structural equation model (SEM) is applied to discover the effects following the objectives of study. According to the result, gender affects the relationship between assurance and customer satisfaction to be negative whereas age affects their relationship to be positive. Furthermore, gender affects the relationship between empathy and customer satisfaction to be positive. For income level, it affects the relationship between reliability and customer satisfaction to be negative effect. Lastly, the education level affects the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty to be negative effect. In conclusion, the demography should be extended to study in various fields for explaining the phenomenon of demographic.

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Currently, university students are at a high risk of stress due to university adjustment, educational interruption, and alterations in daily life because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the relationship of psychosocial and physical factors with stress in university students during the pandemic. Demographic, psychosocial, physical, and self-perceived stress level information were obtained from 409 Thailand university students. A multiple regression analysis was performed, with stress level as the dependent variable and gender, age, study period, study program, social support, self-esteem, health literacy, health behavior score, sedentary behavior, and physical activity (PA) as independent variables. Most participants had moderate stress levels (68.9%), high self-esteem (83.9%) and social support (66.5%), fair health literacy (41.1%) and health behavior (32%), sedentary lifestyle (85.3%), and PA-levels lower than 600 min per week (57.46%). The regression analysis showed that 45.7% of the variability in stress level was predicted by self-esteem, study period, social support, travel domain of PA, and health behavior. COVID-19 and the attendant restrictions resulted in moderate levels of stress in Thailand university students. High self-esteem, long duration of study, great social support, and having healthy behavior may contribute to the prevention of stress in this population.