Introduction: The ethics of the nursing profession is formulated by the International Code of Ethics for Nurses, which is valid for all nurses around the world. The importance of this code is indisputable, especially in situations that require ethical conduct. However, as the current health care system evolves, so must the content of these codes. The stimuli for these updates can be provided by the nurses in practice. Objective: The aim is to point out the importance and use of codes of ethics in contemporary nursing in various countries and the need to innovate the code of ethics in the Czech environment. Methods: A literary search for keywords according to PICO was performed using Boolean operators. Professional resources were searched in scientific electronic databases (EBSCO, PubMed, ProQuest, WOS). Results: A total of 252 sources were searched. 153 sources that met the required criteria were subsequently subjected to critical analysis. Of this number, 10 studies were used for the final analysis, which focused on the views of nurses on codes of ethics and ethical conflicts in the practice of nurses. Conclusions:The studies examined show that nurses are aware of the importance of the code of ethics. However, whilst most nurses are generally aware of the code, many do not know the exact content and how it should help them in practice. During the provision of nursing care, nurses encounter many ethical dilemmas, especially in the area of differences in some values. Some studies have found that nurses sometimes perceive that patients' rights are higher priority than their own rights. It is therefore important that codes of ethics do not forget to promote the rights of nurses themselves.
Introduction: Pain has accompanied man from time immemorial in many life events, from birth to death. Nowadays we have many ways to treat it. However, the right pain must be evaluated to get started. In order to obtain this information, a variety of measuring tools that focus on localization, intensity, the spread of pain, continuity with daytime, physical or psychological activity, or previous patient experience are used. Objective: The aim of this paper is to find out which place the measuring instruments take in pain assessment in surgical patients, and to map the use of individual pain tools in the Czech Republic and the world. Methods: The article was processed using an overview study. The keywords were entered into the EBSCO, PubMed, Medvik and Scopus databases. Further information has been sought in specialist monographs that deal with pain assessment in surgical patients or the use of appropriate pain-measuring instruments. Overall, 39 relevant sources were found. Results: When assessing pain in a patient, it is always necessary to distinguish between acute and chronic pain. In the Czech Republic, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) or the Face Scale (FPS) is most often used. On the other hand, the individual scales are more interconnected according to the needs of the patient, and thus the health professionals receive far more information than using only one scale. Conclusions: Nowadays measuring tools simplify the work of nurses and are an essential part of the nursing process. Despite the use of various measurement scales to evaluate pain, it is always necessary to keep in mind that each patient is individual and treats pain in a subjective way.
Cél: A tanulmány célja a Transcultural Assessment Modell segítségével megismerni a roma közösség saját egészségi állapotának szubjektív megítélését a társadalmi integráció és a környezeti hatások kontextusában.Módszer: Kvantitatív kutatással kérdőíves adatgyűjtés. A felmérésben résztvevő csoport 600 fő roma kisebbséghez tartozó egyén.Eredmény: Az eredmények megmutatták, hogy az egészség az egyik legfőbb érték a roma kisebbség számára. A válaszadók jelentős hányada szerint gyakran aggódnak az egészségük miatt, ugyanakkor nem járnak egészségügyi vizsgálatokra.Következtetés: Az egészség és betegség fogalma egyénenként jelentősen eltérő. Továbbá, az a kultúra, melyhez az egyén tartozik, azon a tényezőkhöz egyike, melyek befolyásolják az egészségről kialakított felfogásukat. Ennek következtében az egészségügyi ellátást nyújtónak tisztában kell lennie a beteg kultúrájával és azzal, hogy mi a felfogása az egészség-betegségről.
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