Our results suggest that JPE is associated with an increased risk of SCD in whites and in females, but not in blacks or males. Further studies are needed to clarify which subgroups of individuals with JPE are at increased risk for adverse cardiac events.
In patients with stable ischaemic heart disease, higher GDF11/8 levels are associated with lower risk of cardiovascular events and death. Our findings suggest that GDF11/8 has similar cardioprotective properties in humans to those demonstrated in mice.
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for more than half of all deaths from cardiovascular disease and is the first manifestation of heart disease in 50% of these individuals. We aimed to describe the distribution of predicted SCD risk in the general US population using a recently developed risk score. We previously developed a population-based, 10-year risk score for SCD using data from the multiracial Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort, validated in the Framingham Study. We now estimate 10-year predicted SCD risk among National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants (pooled from cycles in 2005-2012) and evaluate the clinical profile of participants in lower risk (0-80 th percentile of risk) or high risk (81 st-100 th percentile of risk) strata. A total of 10,811 participants were included; the mean age of participants was 48 years, and 50% were female. The average predicted 10-year risk of SCD was 3.6% among high risk participants (81 st-100 th percentile), and 0.37% among low risk participants (0-80 th percentile). High risk participants were older, had higher blood pressure, total cholesterol and body mass index, lower high density lipoprotein, and were more likely to be male, black, smokers and diabetic. Among US adults free of cardiovascular disease, the majority of SCD risk appears confined to 10-20% of the population. This risk score, comprised of readily available clinical variables, identifies a subset of individuals in the population who are at an appreciably higher risk
Paravalvular regurgitation is an uncommon but serious complication that can be encountered after either surgical or percutaneous valve replacement and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Early detection and accurate assessment of paravalvular regurgitation are crucial to identify those who would benefit from intervention. Recent advances in 3‐dimensional echocardiography have increased the feasibility of percutaneous approaches for the management of paravalvular regurgitation. Percutaneous closure of paravalvular regurgitation has emerged as a favorable alternative for redo surgery in selected cases. This article will review the role of 3‐dimensional echocardiography in the assessment and management of paravalvular regurgitation.
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