In six male physically active subjects the adrenocortical and metabolic changes in response to incremental exercise testing were investigated. Blood and saliva samples were taken at rest, at the end of every workload (duration 4 min with 50 W increment), immediately and 10 min after 1 min all out spurt on the electrically braked cycle ergometer. Both saliva and serum cortisol were measured as well as blood lactate. The cortisol response in serum and in saliva showed similar dynamics (r = 0.86, p less than 0.001, n = 50) at submaximal work. At maximal work the serum cortisol concentration showed a transitory decrease, which was not manifested in saliva. It is hypothesized that a factor related to the metabolic acidosis masks the actual adrenocortical response in the serum but not in saliva. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relation between lactate and cortisol in serum (r = 0.56, p less than 0.01, n = 50) and saliva (r = 0.70, p less than 0.01, n = 50). Apparently, salivary cortisol closely reflects plasma free cortisol level, presenting advantage over total cortisol measurements. Moreover salivary measurement will permit studies in their authentic settings and should assist attempts to understand the nature of the adrenocortical function in exercise.
We evaluated daily self-monitored blood pressure (BP) data collected over one year using remote home monitoring. Fifty treated, moderately hypertensive subjects (26 males, mean age 50 years; 17 females, mean age 54 years; seven exclusions) were recruited for the study in which semi-automatic arm-cuff BP measurement devices were used. The daily self-monitoring regimen had two phases of usage: one of initial enthusiasm (the first one to two months) followed by a phase of lower usage (89% versus 64%, P<0.01). Monitoring was missed more often (P < 0.01) during weekends (7.3 instances per patient) compared with workdays (5.0). Lack of motivation was not considered to be a major barrier. Approximately half of the study population was willing to continue the trial at the end of the one-year study. The occurrence of extreme BP values dropped significantly after the initial study month (P = 0.02). In conclusion, routine remote BP monitoring is capable of collecting consistent and accurate data, with sufficient sensitivity to reveal trends.
Rannama, I., Port, K., Bazanov, B., & Pedak, K. (2015). Sprint cycling performance and asymmetry. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 9(Proc1), pp.S247-S258. The purpose of this study was to examine the asymmetries in cyclist's lower limbs strength and in the pedalling kinematics during a seated sprinting test and to identify the relationships between asymmetries and maximal cycling power. 16 competitive road cyclists (20.6±3.7 yrs., 181.5±5.0 cm, 74.8±7.0 kg) performed 10 Sec isokinetic maximum power test with cadence 120 RPM. The asymmetry of kinematic patterns of cyclist's upper and lower body during pedalling was registered. Separately isokinetic peak torque (PT) of main lover limbs joint were measured at angular speeds 60, 180 and 240 /s. The differences in kinematic patterns and isokinetic PT values between two limbs were analysed for descriptive and inferential statistics (relative share in %, correlations and regression between asymmetry values and cycling power). Conclusion: The highest asymmetries were found in cyclist's upper body kinematics and at the same time the most symmetrical were knee extensors strength values, but both parameters were negatively and significantly correlated with the performance of sprint cycling. By combining the leg extensors muscular strength with asymmetry of knee extensors strength and trunk kinematics the explanatory power of multiple regressions increased markedly from 0.68 to 0.92.
The purpose of this study was to characterise the changes in the power of the normalised ground reaction forces and COP swaying, as measures of the cycling stability and effectiveness of full body motion during an incremental cycling exercise; and to examine the relationships between cycling specific postural stability and cyclists ability to perform functional movements, measured by the FMS test.38 competitive road cyclists (19.2±2.3 yrs., 181.7±6.6 cm, 74.3±7.3 kg) performed Functional Movement Screen (FMS) test to evaluate their musculoskeletal state. Experimental cycling exercise was performed using the cyclist's personal racing bikes mounted on the cycling ergometer Cyclus 2, which were fixed on two Kistler 9286B force plate. The 6 ground reaction force (GRF) components (3 linear and 3 angular), COP movement deviation and sway velocity were measured during incremental cycling exercise (step 2 min, increment 25W). Postural stability measures were calculated as power corrected standard deviations of center of pressure (COP) and GRF components signals during 30 sec cycling in every incremental step. The paired t-test was used to control differences in postural stability measures between intensity levels and correlation analyses was used to evaluate relationships between postural stability and FMS scores. Results of the study indicate that most integrative cycling specific posture stability measure is COP sway velocity that is also most sensitive predictor of cyclist's musculoskeletal state, measured by the FMS test. During an incremental cycling exercise the power normalised postural swaying decreased up to the intensity at the level of anaerobic threshold and during the level of the maximal aerobic power the postural stability decreased significantly.
The prevalence of hypertension is high in Finland. Only one fourth of the drug-treated hypertensive patients reach their target pressure. We evaluated a commercially available telemedicine system for impact in reaching better blood pressure control among Finnish hypertensive patients. A telemedicine system, the Doc@home, was used to assist blood pressure treatment in 19 Finnish hypertensive patients. Blood pressure control improved during the 3-month follow-up. Patient-to-Doc@home compliance was good, but study physicians found the system time consuming in the beginning. According to our results, the Doc@home telemedicine system showed a promising approach in hypertension treatment but needs some further development and trained staff to become a still more practical alternative.
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