The completion of the sequencing of the human genome in 2003 signaled the onset of the genomic era in health care. The knowledge gleaned from the Human Genome Project has led to the understanding that every health problem has a genetic component and that clinicians should include the application of genetic information in all aspects of health care. This article describes the genetic competencies essential for all health care professionals in primary care. Health care professionals should augment their current practice by obtaining a multigenerational genetic family history for each patient, assessing all patients for potentially heritable conditions, providing referrals to genetic health professionals as needed, offering genetic testing when indicated, and considering an individual's genetic makeup in the selection of medications and treatments for that person. Finally, all health care professionals ought to be prepared to address the complex personal, cultural, theological, ethical, legal, and social issues associated with genetic testing and other genetic issues commonly encountered in clinical practice.
SUMMARY The case histories of XYY males in two security settings were ranked by degree of seriousness of crime. The correlations of these scores with height were either zero (for data of Daly with the history of the propositus excluded) or positive (for data of Jacobs et al., P <0-05). For both studies, the results were contrary to the expectation of negative correlation which would be found if, in accord with Hunter's suggestion, authorities were biased to place XYYs in security settings because of the more threatening appearance associated with larger stature.
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