-The aim of this study was to characterize the digestate from an activated sludge biogas reactor (IDARS) as an inoculum for enzymatic hydrolysis and biogas production from organic wastes. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria are represented in IDARS with H' index 3.1 and 2.5, respectively. IDARS stimulated the enzymatic hydrolysis of wood and leaves, preferably broadleaf tree species. The results demonstrated the potential of IDARS for improvement of the technological parameters for conversion of organic wastes into biogas.
Glyphosate (G) is a broad-spectrum systemic organophosphate herbicide being widely used to control weeds in agricultural fields and urban areas. Its safety for both human health and aquatic biomes is a subject of wide debate. This study was aimed at evaluating the removal efficiency and ecotoxicity of G based herbicide (GBH) Klinik® (Nufarm, Austria) added to the raw municipal wastewater (WW) in a lab-scale model column system. The effect of oxide ceramics as a filtering medium (treatment „B”), as well as activated sludge and nutrients (treatment „C”) was compared with the control columns, which contained only WW (treatment „A”). After 72h treatment of WW spiked with 100 mg/L G, the lowest G concentration was detected in the treatment „B”, i.e., 79.4±0.6 mg/L. Treatments „A” and „C” resulted in the remaining G concentrations of 83.3±3.8 and 89.6±3.7 mg/l, respectively. The second addition of 100 mg/L G to the columns followed by 72h incubation also showed the advantage of oxide ceramics. Most probably, this effect could be explained by coupled sorption and biodegradation processes. Experiments were accompanied by microbiological (colony forming units; biological oxygen demand) and ecotoxicological (Daphtoxkit F magna, MicroBioTests) testing. The results indicated that WW-derived microorganisms resist the presence of GBH in the tested concentration range of G, i.e., up to 300 mg/L. As for Daphnia magna, the 24-h EC50 for the GBH Klinik® under standard conditions and in raw WW was found to be 22 mg/L and 6 mg/L G, respectively.
Two isothiocyanates, i.e., sulforaphane (SFA) and sulforaphene (SFE), are suggested to be used as an alternative chemopreventive diet. This study was focused on the effect of SFA and SFE on Lactobacillus plantarum, which has been subjected to the irradiation (2-50 Gy). The cultures grown in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) and Tryptone Soya Broth (TSB) were compared in terms of bacteria physiological activity under tested conditions. Broth composition notably influenced the bacteria growth kinetic parameters, as well as culture response to the oxidative stress. Activity of L. plantarum cells after irradiation was evaluated by their dehydrogenase (DHA) and quinone-reductase (QR) activities. The enzyme activity was quantified in living cells. Bacterial cultures obtained in MRS and TSB broth, demonstrated contrasting characteristics in their enzyme activities. The MRS-grown culture did not show any QR activity, whereas the TSB-grown cells showed a non-linear response towards gamma-irradiation with a maximum inhibition being at 10 Gy. Addition of SFA or SFE in concentration of 1 µg/mL to the cultures before irradiation exposure recovered the QR activity from 23% in a non-amended variant up to 102% and 121%, respectively, taking the non-irradiated non-amended variant as 100%.
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