The utilisation of industrial residual products to develop new value-added materials and reduce their environmental footprint is one of the critical challenges of science and industry. Development of new multifunctional and bio-based composite materials is an excellent opportunity for the effective utilisation of residual industrial products and a right step in the Green Deal's direction as approved by the European Commission. Keeping the various issues in mind, we describe the manufacturing and characterisation of the three-component bio-based composites in this work. The key components are a bio-based binder made of peat, devulcanised crumb rubber (DCR) from used tyres, and part of the fly ash, i.e., the cenosphere (CS). The three-phase composites were prepared in the form of a block to investigate their mechanical properties and density, and in the form of granules for the determination of the sorption of water and oil products. We also investigated the properties’ dependence on the DCR and CS fraction. It was found that the maximum compression strength (in block form) observed for the composition without CS and DCR addition was 79.3 MPa, while the second-highest value of compression strength was 11.2 MPa for the composition with 27.3 wt.% of CS. For compositions with a bio-binder content from 17.4 to 55.8 wt.%, and with DCR contents ranging from 11.0 to 62.0 wt.%, the compressive strength was in the range from 1.1 to 2.0 MPa. Liquid-sorption analysis (water and diesel) showed that the maximum saturation of liquids, in both cases, was set after 35 min and ranged from 1.05 to 1.4 g·g -1 for water, and 0.77 to 1.25 g·g-1 for diesel. It was observed that 90% of the maximum saturation with diesel fuel came after 10 min and for water after 35 min.
Synthesis or humification of humic substances (HSs) is the second widely applied organic compound transformation process after photosynthesis. Peat decomposition process results in a production of a HSs which has a high demand in agriculture, forestry, and gardening areas. Addition of the KOH is good option for environmental protection and K+ belongs to the nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous (NKP) mineral component. A homogenization process in a customize for commerce, where peat treatment technology was improved with the help of the cavitation effect. This effect was provided with the help of the high-speed mixer-disperser (HSMD) developed at Riga Technical University. Mechanical cavitation causes relatively high energy shifts from mechanical movement of cavitation causing elements to the liquid medium which causes efficient destruction of particles inside a suspension. Values of the peat particle diameter at 50 % in the cumulative distribution before and after 1, 2, and 3 homogenization cycles were measured in the present study. The aim of the present study was to find the optimal conditions (KOH concentration, cavitation cycles and reaction temperature) to produce potassium humate (K-HSs) regarding sustainable regenerative approach aspects. Cavitation treatment of the tested peat particle diameter at 50 % in the cumulative distribution (d50) from 267 down to 129 µm; the peak in the size range from 160 up to 409 µm completely disappears and significantly decreases the number of Dalton’s which causes the more efficient formation of fulvic acid caused by increased concentration of carbonyl and carboxyl groups as compared with the conventional homogenization method.
End-of-life tyres and elastomer products are recognised by European Union as important valuable resource for circular economy. Current work introduces an analysis of devulcanised crumb rubber comminution technique by means of semi-industrial disintegrator DESI-15. For the estimation of grindability, the main kinematic parameter in the processing of materials was given the specific energy of treatment Es in kWh/t. Grindability of devulcanised crumb rubber aggregates as a function of particle size of the specific energy of treatment was analysed. Classified devulcanised crumb rubber will be used as a component of composite materials for oil spills remediation and for design of composite materials for civil engineering applications.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.