Success of the enterprise is related to many aspects of the enterprise-economic and managerial covering influenced by many layers of the external environment. The enterprise as such can be viewed as a form of social capital, consisting on different relationships. In the same way the whole external environment of the enterprise can be analysed as the set of different relationships that are interrelated, interacting and thus influencing the operation of every enterprise. The paper displays different aspects of social capital with the aim to analyse enterprise related social capital and its different levels of accumulation in the organisations and firms. Accordingly the research tasks are: to cover all the basic theoretical aspects that are related to the social capital; inspect more in details different approaches to define social capital, social capital characteristics, comprising elements, social capital types; investigation of enterprise related social capital as the background for relationships among enterprises, including challenges and problems connected with the social capital measurement.

Abstract. This paper draws attention to building networking and partnership amongst the market players of tourism industry in Latvia. The authors define cooperation as a process, which manifests in all fields of business operations, e.g. it occurs when two or more parties (enterprises) have business objectives which are mutually dependent. There are many ways and forms of cooperation that are of choice for every entrepreneur -formal and informal, vertical and horizontal, centralised and decentralised and others; it is just needed to evaluate all the benefits and contributions when to choose to compete and when to cooperate.

Over a 6-year period, a collaboration has been developed between a group in Cambridge, UK, and two Latvian Universities, Stockholm School of Economics in Riga and other organisations, including Riga City Council, supported by the British Embassy Riga and the Latvian Embassy in London, enabling structured processes to be developed to identify aspiring entrepreneurs based in Latvia and Estonia and provide education, coaching, mentoring and encouragement first in the home territory, leading to an intense whole-week development venture camp in Cambridge for selected candidates. The programme was extended to provide ongoing business development support for a number of entrepreneurial companies with global potential, and the developing venture camp activities attracted, supported and helped accelerate the evolution in Riga of an innovative ecosystem providing leadership in the Baltics. Practical examples of cross-border knowledge and technology transfers have been recorded as part of the Cambridge–Riga Venture Camp process. This report presents the development, content and outcomes of this innovative project aimed at supporting the emergence of entrepreneurial and innovative capabilities of Latvian delegates to the project. Detailed appendices including data and narrative based survey of outcomes and assessments containing structured feedback from delegates participating in the 2020 Cambridge-Riga Venture Camp are available as the Supplementary material online. This is an interim report, since the activity is ongoing and continuously developing.

Until 2020, the tourism industry was characterized by a growth rate, the statistics highlight that globally 2019 was the tenth year with a consecutive annual growth. However, the Covid-19 pandemic marked a major turning point in the development of tourism, instead of tourism overdevelopment, the underdevelopment issues appeared in front pages of the industry news. The effects of the pandemic are intensified by the fact that tourism is a labour-intensive industry and that most companies in the sector are SMEs (small and medium sized enterprises). At this time, it is crucially important to look at sustainability issues, therefore the aim of this study is to analyse the social and economic dimensions of sustainability for tourism SMEs. Descriptive statistics as well as qualitative research methods were used to study the challenges posed by the pandemic, in-depth interviews were conducted with tourism SMEs from three different countries. The conclusions show the situation from an enterprise perspective in Russian Federation, Georgia and Latvia.

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