In this era of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, metabolomics is emerging as an important component of the omics evolution ( 1 ). Of the four kinds of biological molecules that comprise the human body, i.e., nucleic acids, amino acids (proteins), carbohydrates (sugars), and lipids (fats), lipids stand out among the various cellular metabolites in the sheer number of distinct molecular species. Using state-of-the-art lipidomics approaches made possible by newly developed instrumentation, protocols, and bioinformatics tools ( 2 ), the LIPID MAPS Consortium Abstract The focus of the present study was to defi ne the human plasma lipidome and to establish novel analytical methodologies to quantify the large spectrum of plasma lipids. Partial lipid analysis is now a regular part of every patient's blood test and physicians readily and regularly prescribe drugs that alter the levels of major plasma lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides. Plasma contains many thousands of distinct lipid molecular species that fall into six main categories including fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols, and prenols. The physiological contributions of these diverse lipids and how their levels change in response to therapy remain largely unknown. As a fi rst step toward answering these questions, we provide herein an in-depth lipidomics analysis of a pooled human plasma obtained from healthy individuals after overnight fasting and with a gender balance and an ethnic distribution that is representative of the US population. In total, we quantitatively assessed the levels of over 500 distinct molecular species distributed among the main lipid categories. As more information is obtained regarding the roles of individual lipids in health and disease, it seems likely that future blood tests will include an ever increasing number of these lipid molecules. -Quehenberger, O., A.

1000I.1000II.1001III.1014IV.1015V.10161016References1016 Summary Genetic engineering (GE) can be used to improve forest plantation productivity and tolerance of biotic and abiotic stresses. However, gene flow from GE forest plantations is a large source of ecological, social and legal controversy. The use of genetic technologies to mitigate or prevent gene flow has been discussed widely and should be technically feasible in a variety of plantation taxa. However, potential ecological effects of such modifications, and their social acceptability, are not well understood. Focusing on Eucalyptus, Pinus, Populus and Pseudotsuga – genera that represent diverse modes of pollination and seed dispersal – we conducted in‐depth reviews of ecological processes associated with reproductive tissues. We also explored potential impacts of various forms of reproductive modification at stand and landscape levels, and means for mitigating impacts. We found little research on potential reactions by the public and other stakeholders to reproductive modification in forest plantations. However, there is considerable research on related areas that suggest key dimensions of concern and support. We provide detailed suggestions for research to understand the biological and social dimensions of containment technologies, and consider the role of regulatory and market restrictions that obstruct necessary ecological and genetic research.

Land management may combine with air temperature to influence the persistence of animal populations, so both must be evaluated in concert to understand how populations respond to increased forest management intensity and projected climate change. We used a large-scale study that experimentally manipulated herbicide application intensity within regenerating forests to test how herbicide-mediated changes in temperature influenced three components of reproductive output in the House Wren (Troglodytes aedon): nest survival, the number of offspring produced, and nestling body condition. We found no evidence for a consistent herbicide treatment effect on any reproductive measure, although our power to detect effects was modest. Relative to unsprayed controls, nest survival was lowest in the light herbicide treatment, and this measure increased on sites that were subjected to greater herbicide application (i.e., at moderate and intensive herbicide treatments), against our predictions. We also detected no evidence of a temperature effect singly or in combination with herbicide application on wren reproductive output. Although herbicide intensity was more influential on reproductive output than was temperature, we found that neither exerted strong effects in regenerating conifer forests. Given the dearth of studies that combine evaluations of temperature and land management impacts on songbird reproductive output, we suggest researchers continue to expand our understanding of the relative influence of both drivers simultaneously to better formulate conservation strategies in light of expected changes in climate and a heightened global demand for wood products. Ni les herbicides forestiers ni la température ambiante n'ont d'effets importants sur le succès reproducteur d'un passereau cavicoleRÉSUMÉ. L'effet combiné des pratiques d'aménagement forestier et de la température de l'air pourrait influer sur la pérennité des populations animales, de sorte qu'on doit les évaluer de concert si on veut comprendre comment les populations réagissent aux pratiques forestières de plus en plus intenses et aux changements climatiques prévus. Nous avons utilisé une étude à grande échelle dans laquelle l'intensité de l'application d'herbicides dans les forêts en régénération a été manipulée afin de tester de quelle façon les changements de température induits par les herbicides influaient sur trois paramètres du succès reproducteur du Troglodyte familier (Troglodytes aedon) : la survie au nid, le nombre d'oisillons produits et la condition physique des oisillons. Nous n'avons pas constaté d'effet régulier d'un traitement aux herbicides sur les paramètres de reproduction examinés, bien que notre capacité à détecter les effets ait été modeste. Comparativement aux sites témoins sans arrosage, la survie au nid était le plus faible sous le traitement léger aux herbicides, et a augmenté aux sites sur lesquels davantage d'herbicides avaient été appliqués (c.-à-d. dans les traitements modéré et élevé aux herbicides), à l'encontre de nos attentes. D...

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