23A functional, replete T cell repertoire is an integral component to adequate immune 24 surveillance and to the initiation and maintenance of productive anti-tumor immune responses. 25 Glioblastoma (GBM), however, is particularly adept at sabotaging anti-tumor immunity, eliciting 26 severe T cell dysfunction that is both qualitative and quantitative. Understanding and countering 27 such dysfunction are among the keys to harnessing the otherwise stark potential of anti-cancer 28 immune-based therapies. While T cell dysfunction in GBM is long described, newer immunologic 29 frameworks now exist for re-classifying T cell deficits in a manner that better permits their study 30 and reversal. Herein, we divide and discuss the various T cell deficits elicited by GBM within the 31 context of the five relevant categories -Senescence, Tolerance, Anergy, Exhaustion, and 32

COVID-19 patients have presented with a wide range of neurological disorders, among which stroke is the most devastating. We have reviewed current studies, case series, and case reports with a focus on COVID-19 patients complicated with stroke, and presented the current understanding of stroke in this patient population. As evidenced by increased D-dimer, fibrinogen, factor VIII and von Willebrand factor, SARS-CoV-2 infection induces coagulopathy, disrupts endothelial function, and promotes hypercoagulative state. Collectively, it predisposes patients to cerebrovascular events. Additionally, due to the unprecedented strain on the healthcare system, stroke care has been inevitably compromised. The underlying mechanism between COVID-19 and stroke warrants further study, so does the development of an effective therapeutic or preventive intervention.