This case study is applicable to a flipped classroom and is intended for undergraduate students enrolled in genetics, cell physiology, neuroscience or related courses. The case is divided into four parts that explore the etiology of Huntington disease while focusing on an actual patient with the juvenile‐onset form of the disease. The purpose of this case study is for students to integrate their prior knowledge of DNA replication with the more advanced genetics topics of trinucleotide repeat errors during DNA synthesis, which can lead to neurological and genetic disorders, in particular Huntington disease. The case is intended to encourage students to apply knowledge to practice as they learn about genetic mutations and disease, alongside novel therapeutic strategies using RNA interference, through the use of free online teaching tools from HHMI Biointeractive by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The case study along with teaching notes, answer key, and original video introducing Auggie, the real life child with Huntington disease detailed in the case, were recently accepted for publication in the National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a bloodborne pathogen that targets the body’s immune system by attacking T cells. Having originated from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, the first confirmed case was discovered in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In the 1980s, the AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) pandemic began, and by the end of that decade, the World Health Organization reported the presence of HIV in 145 countries and nearly 400,000 cases worldwide. This rapid spread left the scientific community perplexed, and the general population scared. Our literature review explores which factors led to the rapid global spread of HIV. Through historical records and peer-reviewed articles, we sought to uncover and piece together practical applications to enhance understanding of the history and knowledge of potential dangers in the spread of future pandemics.
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