In this paper we consider fullerene patches that can be extended to pseudconvex patches. We show that all fullerene disks with three or fewer pentagons can be extended to pseudoconvex patches, and that all pseudoconvex patches can be extended to fullerenes.
Ideals that share properties with the Frattini ideal of a Leibniz algebra are studied. Similar investigations have been considered in group theory. However most of the results are new for Lie algebras. Many of the results involve nilpotency of these algebras.
We classify all nonnilpotent, solvable Leibniz algebras with the property that all proper subalgebras are nilpotent. This generalizes the work of [E. L. Stitzinger, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 28(1)(1971), 47-49] and [D. Towers, Linear Algebra Appl., 32(1980), 61-73] in Lie algebras. We show several examples which illustrate the differences between the Lie and Leibniz results.
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