Determinar la prevalencia y las causas de ceguera y deficiencia visual, así como la prevalencia de diabetes y retinopatía diabética (RD) en Querétaro, México. Material y métodos: Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio en 180 conglomerados de 35 personas de ≥ 50 años de edad. Se evaluó la agudeza visual (AV) y el estado del cristalino del polo posterior y de la diabetes (basado en la glucemia al azar). Se realizó un examen ocular a todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes y se tomaron fotografías digitales del fondo del ojo. Se utilizó la clasificación escocesa de RD. Resultados: La prevalencia de ceguera entre los 5,935 participantes fue del 1.0% (intervalo de confianza [IC] de 95%: 0.7-1.2%). La prevalencia de la discapacidad visual severa, moderada, temprana y de baja visión funcional fue del 1.6, 3.2, 12.7 y 1.4%, respectivamente. La catarata fue la principal causa de ceguera (29.8%), seguida de la RD (17.5%). La RD fue la causa principal de baja visión funcional (32.9%). En esta muestra, 1,115 participantes tenían diabetes (18.8%;. Se identificaron 92 casos nuevos. La prevalencia de retinopatía y/o maculopatía entre estos pacientes diabéticos fue del 22.5% (IC 95%: 19.0-26.1%), y un 3.6% (IC 95%: 2.4-4.8%) presentaban una RD con amenaza para la visión. Conclusión: A pesar de que la catarata es la causa principal de ceguera entre las personas de ≥ 50 años de edad en Querétaro (México), la RD es la segunda causa de ceguera y la principal causa de baja visión funcional. Hay una necesidad de ampliar y mejorar los servicios oftalmológicos, y de asegurar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento temprano de la diabetes y la RD en Querétaro.
Objective: To determine the prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment and the prevalence of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the state of Queretaro, Mexico. Materials and Methods: 180 clusters of 35 people aged ≥ 50 years were randomly selected. Participants had their visual acuity measured and lens examined and had a random blood glucose test to assess their diabetes status. Participants with diabetes had a dilated fundus examination and digital fundus photographs taken. DR was graded using the Scottish DR grading system. results: The prevalence of blindness among the 5935 survey participants was 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.7-1.2%). The sample prevalence of severe, moderate, and early visual impairment and functional low vision were 1.6%, 3.2%, 12.7%, and 1.4%, respectively. The most common cause of blindness was cataract representing 29.8% of the cases, followed by DR (17.5%). The most common cause of functional low vision was DR (32.9%). There were 1115 participants with diabetes (18.8%, 95% CI: 17.4-20.2%), 92 of whom were newly diagnosed during this study. The prevalence of retinopathy and/or maculopathy among these patients was 22.5% (95% CI: 19.0-26.1%), and 3.6% (95% CI: 2.4-4.8%) had sight-threatening DR. conclusion: Although cataract is the primary cause of blindness among people aged ≥ 50 years in Queretaro, Mexico, DR is the second cause of blindness and the leading cause of functional low vision. There is a need to expand and improve eye care services in Queretaro and to ensure early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and DR.
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