background. Because of concerns about potential harm to the mother or fetus, dermatologic surgeons are frequently hesitant to perform cutaneous surgery on pregnant patients. objective. To review the relevant physiologic changes during pregnancy, appropriate preparation for and timing of procedures, and drug safety. methods. A literature review was performed of dermatologic and nondermatologic journals discussing physiology, surgery, and drug safety in the pregnant patient. results. Special positioning is required for the pregnant patient during surgery. Low doses of most local anesthetics with epinephrine as well as nitrous oxide less than 50% are safe to use during pregnancy. Sedatives and opioids are potential teratogens and should be avoided. Safe antibiotics to use during skin surgery in pregnancy include penicillins, cephalosporins, and nonestolate erythromycin. If necessary, lymph node dissections under general anesthesia in the pregnant melanoma patient should occur during the second trimester. conclusion. With appropriate preparation, safe and successful cutaneous surgery can be performed on the pregnant patient.
Respiratory ChangesBy term, there is an increase in tidal volume and minute respiration to 30-40% due to increased fetal K.A. Richards, MD and T. Stasko, MD have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
PDL therapy is an effective, safe alternative therapy for treatment of recalcitrant warts in children, with few side effects and a low long-term recurrence rate.
The pulsed dye laser was originally developed for the treatment of vascular lesions, especially hemangiomas and port-wine stains. The central concept of pulsed-dye laser is to preserving the epidermis by allowing hemoglobin to be more precisely targeted within lesions. More recently, the pulsed dye laser has also been used in the treatment of a wide spectrum of nonvascular lesions. Because of its safety profile, and its selectivity in targeting lesions, therapists can comfortably treat a wide variety of lesions in all age groups and anatomic sites.
background. Because of concerns about potential harm to the mother or fetus, dermatologic surgeons are frequently hesitant to perform cutaneous surgery on pregnant patients. objective. To review the relevant physiologic changes during pregnancy, appropriate preparation for and timing of procedures, and drug safety. methods. A literature review was performed of dermatologic and nondermatologic journals discussing physiology, surgery, and drug safety in the pregnant patient. results. Special positioning is required for the pregnant patient during surgery. Low doses of most local anesthetics with epinephrine as well as nitrous oxide less than 50% are safe to use during pregnancy. Sedatives and opioids are potential teratogens and should be avoided. Safe antibiotics to use during skin surgery in pregnancy include penicillins, cephalosporins, and nonestolate erythromycin. If necessary, lymph node dissections under general anesthesia in the pregnant melanoma patient should occur during the second trimester. conclusion. With appropriate preparation, safe and successful cutaneous surgery can be performed on the pregnant patient.
Respiratory ChangesBy term, there is an increase in tidal volume and minute respiration to 30-40% due to increased fetal K.A. Richards, MD and T. Stasko, MD have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
Moyamoya disease is a rare, chronic cerebrovascular occlusive disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by progressive stenosis of the arteries of the circle of Willis leading to an abnormal capillary network and resultant ischemic strokes or cerebral hemorrhages. The association of moyamoya disease with livedo reticularis has been described in a previously reported patient with a factor V Leiden mutation, leading to hypercoagulation. We describe a girl with livedo reticularis and moyamoya disease with extensive cardiovascular malformations, but without a primary coagulopathy.
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