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AbstractPAHs and nitroaromatic compounds are toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic environmental pollutants that are prevalent in petroleum contaminated soil and pose a serious threat to environmental and human health. Bioremediation is an economic and efficient means to remediate contaminated soil. This study examined the mutagenicity of soil from an aged gasworks site as it underwent bioslurry treatment. Soil extracts were separated into two fractions, one containing PAHs (non-polar neutrals) and the other, Nheterocyclic and oxy-PAHs (polar aromatic) compounds. Each fraction was tested with and without metabolic activation. Overall, the mutagenicity of both fractions in the presence of metabolic activation demonstrated a net increase. Only the direct mutagenicity of the polar aromatic fraction exhibited a net decrease. The expected mutagenicity, the summed mutagenicity of the individual chemicals in each fraction, greatly underestimated the direct mutagenicity of both fractions. Only in the presence of metabolic activation did the predicted values exceed the observed. It is possible that the unexpected mutagenicity is the result of bacterial degradative by-products suggesting that mutagenicity monitoring of contaminated sites is required during bioremediation.Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
This chapter traces the emergence of the figure of the “cyborg” in feminist theory from the 1980s to the present, focusing specifically on how feminist engagements with this figure draw from and challenge broader discourses of the “posthuman.” The key questions that emerge from the scholarship on the intersections of the organic and the technological include the following: (1) a set of epistemological challenges to the foundational binaries of modernist thought, and thus a feminist method for examining the mutual imbrication of nature and culture, human and nonhuman, machinic and organic; (2) a set of explorations of the intersections of material and virtual manifestations of the body through the extension of communications and media technologies; and (3) the importance of the figure of the “cyborg” to feminist accounts of political agency and critical subjectivity.
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