Green grass jelly (Cyclea barbata Miers.) is known for its benefit to human health especially in supporting body’s immune system and wellness. This research aimed to determine immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity of green grass jelly leaf extracts in vitro. Old leaves were collected as sample then dried and ground to powder. The extraction was done with sohxletation using three different solvents, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by treating the crude extracts at concentrations of 50, 100, and 500 mg/mL on macrophages of rat in vitro. Macrophage cells separated form peritoneal fluid used RPMI medium. Phagocytosis activity and phagocytosis capacity of macrophages were performed in vitro using latex beads that suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The antioxidant activity was measured by spectrophotometry technique with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) solution. All treatments were done three replicates. Detection of the bioactive groups of the extracts was done by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that ethyl acetate extract has the highest phagocytosis activity followed by chloroform extract and ethanol extract, respectively. Optimum concentration was reached at 100 mg/mL of ethyl acetate extract. The ethyl acetate extract was also the highest antioxidant activity index 7.7 followed by both extracts of chloroform and ethanol similar index value of 6.25 and 6.3, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract has a high immunomodulatory activity and antioxidant activity which contained phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids.
Salinity stress is known for adverse effect on plants. Priming with salicylic acid was able to improve plant performance under salinity stress. This study aimed to determine the effect of priming duration with salicylic acid on growth, leaf anatomy and the optimal priming duration for sweet corn seedlings (Zea mays L.) under salinity stress. The experiment was based on Completely Randomized Design with two factors and five replications. The first factor was priming duration with salicylic acid (2 mM) with four different durations (0, 12, 18 and 24 h). The second factor was the level of salinity (NaCl 0% and 3%). Parameters observed were germination percentage, plant height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content, leaf proline content, leaf anatomy and stomatal density. Data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s test at 95% confidence level. The results showed that 18-h priming duration observed as the highest germination percentage which was 7% higher than control. Priming for 24 h showed phytotoxic effect for sweet corn on the germination phase by reducing the percentage of germination. The application of salicylic acid mitigated the toxic effects of NaCl stress on maize seedlings and considerably improved root and shoot growth, photosynthetic pigments, fresh weight, dry weight, proline content, and stomatal density, as well as could maintaining the leaf anatomy. The optimal priming duration with salicylic acid for sweet corn seedlings under 3 % salinity was 18 h.
Green grass jelly (Cyclea barbata Miers.) is known for its benefit to human health especially in supporting body’s immune system and wellness. This research aimed to determine immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity of green grass jelly leaf extracts in vitro. Old leaves were collected as sample then dried and ground to powder. The extraction was done with sohxletation using three different solvents, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by treating the crude extracts at concentrations of 50, 100, and 500 mg/mL on macrophages of rat in vitro. The treated macrophage was then challenged for their phagocytic activity to latex beads. The antioxidant activity was done using 1,1-diphenil-2-picrilhydrazil (DPPH) with spectrophotometry technique. All treatments were done with three replicates. Detection of the bioactive groups of the extracts was done by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that ethyl acetate extract has the highest phagocytic activity followed with chloroform extract and ethanol extract, respectively. Optimum concentration was reached at 100 mg/mL of ethyl acetat extract. The ethyl acetate extract was also the extract with the highest antioxidant activity index 7.7 followed by both extracts of chloroform and ethanol with similar index value of 6.25 and 6.3, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract contained phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids.
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