Quasi-phase-matching devices are usually fabricated by electric field poling over photolithographically defined electrode patterns on ferroelectric crystal substrates. For the optimal nonlinear optical performance of such devices, the micro-poled domain structure must ensure good fidelity to the designed grating structure. We present a nondestructive diffraction method to evaluate the quality of periodically poled lithium niobate crystals, by utilizing index modulation caused by the internal field effects. Our proposed method is much simpler than the conventional second-harmonic generation experiment, and provides a fast, low-cost but accurate means for micro-poling quality evaluation.
We experimentally demonstrate tunable multiple-idler wavelength broadcasting of a signal to selective channels for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). This is based on cascaded χ(2) nonlinear mixing process in a novel multiple-QPM 10-mm-long periodically poled LiNbO3 having an aperiodic domain in the center. The idlers' spacing is varied utilizing detuning of the pump wavelength within the SHG bandwidth. The temperature-assisted tuning of QPM pump wavelengths allows shifting the idlers together to different set of WDM channels. Our experimental results indicate that an overall idler wavelength shift of less than 10 nm realized by selecting pump wavelengths via temperature tuning, is sufficient to cover up to 40 WDM channels for multiple idlers broadcasting.
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