Thermal inactivation of normal and starved cells of Salmonella Enteritidis on chicken skin previously exposed to different concentrations of acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) or tri-sodium phosphate (TSP) was investigated. Sensory results indicated no significance differences for control and treatments. Thus, results of this study indicated that pretreatment of chicken skin with ASC or TSP increased sensitivity of Salmonella Enteritidis to heat without affecting organoleptic quality of chicken meat.
Rice is an important food crop extensively cultivated worldwide, and rice’s grain yield should be improved to meet future food demand. Grain number per panicle is the main trait that determines the grain yield in rice, and other panicle-related traits influence the grain number. To study the genetic diversity, 50 diverse Indian-origin germplasm were evaluated for grain number per panicle and other panicle traits for two consecutive seasons (Rabi 2019 and Kharif 2020). The maximum genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was obtained for the number of spikelets and filled grains per panicle. The genotypes were grouped into eight clusters with Mahalanobis’ D2 analysis and six groups using Principal component analysis. Based on, per se, performance for grain number per panicle and genetic distances, six parents were selected and subjected to full diallel mating. The genotypes CB12132, IET 28749, and BPT 5204 were the best general combiners for the number of filled grains per panicle and other panicle branching traits, viz., the number of primary and secondary branches per panicle. The hybrid BPT 5204 × CB 12132 identified as the best specific combination for most of the studied panicle traits. The additive gene effects were high for the number of filled grains per panicle, the number of primary branches, and secondary branches, whereas non-additive gene action was high for the number of productive tillers and grain yield per plant. The information obtained from this study will be useful in rice breeding programs to improve panicle traits, especially the grain number, which would result in higher grain yield.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of silver nanoparticles (AgNano) supplementation during early embryogenesis on the post-hatch performance and immunity in broilers. Increasing concentration of AgNano 0 (un-injected control), 12.5, 25 and 50 μg/egg, respectively were administered on 7th embryonic day at the broad end of broiler egg, following in ovo feeding techniques. A total of 60 eggs per treatment were used and five replicates of 8 birds each in all treatment were reared upto 42 days post-hatching. Egg weight, chick weight and ratio were similar in all the groups, however, the hatchability decreased with increasing AgNano concentration. Average daily weight gain was increased in all the AgNano supplemented chicks. Average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected by AgNano supplementation. Pancreas weight has shown an increasing trend with increasing concentration of AgNano. The bursa and spleen weight were increased with increasing concentration of AgNano supplementation during embryogenesis. In vivo Immune-response to phytohaemagglutinin- P and sheep RBC was increased in AgNano supplemented chicks. Serum cholesterol level was decreased in AgNano supplemented chicks unlike glucose and total protein. Early embryonic supplementation of AgNano particles modulates the post-hatch growth performance and immunity in broilers.
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