Objective:The minor physical anomaly (MPA) is believed to reflect abnormal development of the CNS. The aim is to find incidence of MPA and its behavioral correlates in Down syndrome and to compare these findings with the other causes of intellectual disability and normal population.Materials and Methods:One-hundred and forty intellectually disabled people attending a tertiary care set-up and from various NGOs are included in the study. The age-matched group from normal population was also studied for comparison. MPA are assessed by using Modified Waldrop scale and behavioral abnormality by Diagnostic assessment scale for severely handicapped (DASH II scale).Results:The Down syndrome group had significantly more MPA than other two groups and most of the MPA is situated in the global head region. There is strong correlation (P < 0.001) between the various grouped items of Modified Waldrop scale. Depression subscale is correlated with anomalies in the hands (P < 0.001), feet and Waldrop total items (P < 0.005). Mania item of DASH II scale is related with anomalies around the eyes (P < 0.001). Self-injurious behavior and total Waldrop score is negatively correlated with global head.Conclusion:Down syndrome group has significantly more MPA and a pattern of correlation between MPA and behavioral abnormalities exists which necessitates a large-scale study.
Penetrating injury of skull and brain are relatively uncommon injuries representing about 0.4% of all head injuries. We are reporting a case of penetrating transorbital craniocerebral injury due to domestic appliance. A 47 year middle aged female sustained penetrating orbitocerebral injury when malfunctioned pressure cooker exploded during cooking. The CT scan shows the metallic foreign body inside the left orbit resembling pressure regulator valve of pressure cooker with fracture of orbital wall and basifrontal contusion. Patient was operated. Removal of the foreign body with evisceration of left eye was done. Postoperative complication dealt successfully and patient recovers fully.
In literature transorbital craniocerebral injury with variety of unusual object are reported like bicycle brakes, chop stick, metal bar, hunting arrow, ceramic stone but due to pressure regulator valve of malfunctioned domestic appliance is not reported so far and this may be first case of such a rare type of mode of injury.
Osteoporosis is a pervasive multi-factorial chronic disorder, characterized by low bone mineral density and increased risk for bone fragility, with a claim for long term management procedure. Osteoporosis as a disease in general is a major threat due to our changed life style and aging demographic. It may be viewed as a heterogeneous condition which may occur due to various genetic, nutritional, mechanical, endocrine and other life style factors. Although post- menopausal women are the most vulnerable victims, aged men population cannot escape themselves from this disease, as can be diagnosed by Bone Mineral Density (BMD) test. This review work will give an insight about how the disease can be controlled by change in life style along with usage of some selected pharmaceuticals and nutritional supplements. Hence assessment of the prevalence and awareness of the risk factors associated with the disease may provide the basis of management and future health plans to combat it.
Me han indicado que mi tópico de hoy es la ecología humana. Primero veremos qué quieren decir esas dos palabras; ecología humana es la ciencia que estudia el volumen y la distribución territorial y la organización de las comunidades en relación con el medio en que viven, dedicando especial atención a los procesos de competencia y cooperación que en ello se manifiestan; tiene muchos puntos comunes con la demografía y biometría que comprende las aplicaciones de la estadística a la investigación biológica.
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