Background The delivery of mental health services largely depends on the adequacy of human resources. In India, the deficit of psychiatrists is more than 90% and is one of the major challenges that needs to be tackled to address the huge burden of mental illness. Psychiatry trainee institutes play a vital role in reducing human resource deficit and inequality in delivering mental health care. However, the distribution pattern of psychiatry trainee seats and institutes across Indian states is unknown. Therefore, we estimated the number of psychiatry trainee seats and institutes in each Indian state and union territory (UT). Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, psychiatry trainee seats and institutes were searched on the official web sites of Medical Council of India and National Board of Examinations. The data available on these web sites until December 2019 were included. State-wise data were compared using proportion and percentages. The psychiatry trainee index (PTI) was calculated and compared across Indian states and UTs. Results Among 221 Indian psychiatry trainee institutes considered in the present study, 116 (52.48%) were private institutes and 105 (47.51%) were government institutes. Overall, more psychiatry trainee seats were reported in government institutes (n = 565, 65.89%) than in private institutes. National PTI was considered fair (0.06), and based on their PTIs, Indian states and UTs were classified as follows: worst (n = 9), poor (n = 8), fair (n = 9), average (n = 7), good (n = 1), and excellent (n = 2). Conclusion A huge deficit of psychiatry trainees and institutes exists in more than two-thirds of Indian states and UTs, along with a huge maldistribution of seats. PTI and its distribution across the states and UTs are a crucial indicator of the need to improve the access and equity of mental health care.
Background: Mood disorders and psychosis has been reported among the patients with macrocytosis; however, its prevalence among the first episode of psychosis and depression is unknown. The purpose of the study was to establish the prevalence of macrocytosis among the patients with the first episode of depression and psychosis. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, three groups comprising patients with first episode of depression ( n = 100), patients with the first episode of psychosis ( n = 100), and healthy controls ( n = 100) were included. Blood samples were collected from each participant and analyzed using the automated coulter counter. The hematological variables (e.g., macrocytosis, anemia) in the three groups were compared using the Chi-square and analysis of variance tests. Results: The prevalence of macrocytosis among patients with depression and psychosis was 2.6 (8%) and 3.3 times (11%) higher, respectively than that among the healthy controls (3%). In addition, the hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume and mean platelet volume in patients with first episodes of psychosis and depression significantly differed from those in healthy controls P < 0.001. Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of macrocytosis among the first episode of depression and psychosis was higher than healthy controls. Macrocytosis may have etiological and prognostic significance among these patients. Prospective studies are needed to explore the clinical significance of macrocytosis among the patients with depression and psychosis in the clinical practice.
INTRODUCTIONKonkan is a narrow strip of land lying between the Sahyadri Mountains on the east and the Arabian Sea on the west. Engulfed in hills, this area is rich in biodiversity but at the same time due to its extremely inaccessible terrain, shortage of fertile land and poor water harvesting this land has remained very backward. According to our organisational findings, the people of this area lack economical and educational facilities and are dominated by religious beliefs and social taboos. Burdened with excess housework and farming, the adolescent girls here, are devoid of education and hence lack the basic knowledge about their own health. Due to lack of health awareness and proper education they succumb to a lot of health problems. Adolescence is a period of great turbulence and a unique turning point of a very rapid, albeit and uneven development of physical, emotional, intellectual, social, moral, spiritual and aesthetic aspects. Also it is a period of unpredictable behaviour. Curiosity, exploration and adventure on one hand while psychological and emotional problems on the other exert considerable influence on the social behaviour of the adolescents.The health of adolescent girls depends on their own behaviour and also the behaviour of people with whom they interact. Many of the behavioural and psychological factors in adulthood have their origin in adolescence and hence the study of adolescent period is gaining a lot of ABSTRACT Background: Konkan area in Maharashtra, India is rich in Biodiversity and known for its Natural Beauty. At the same time geographical difficulties, poor socio-economical status, superstitial and religious beliefs are some important factors contributing to more Psycho-social problems in this area including Physical Health. We focused in this Study to find out Psychological Problems, Health issues and planning future activities for School going adolescent girls. Methods: The Study was carried out on total no. Of 1290 School going adolescent girls of age group 11-20 years, over the period of six months. The following Psychological and Physical parameters were considered. Mental Status Examination, Higher Mental Functions, Personality, Decision Making capacity. Hemoglobin status, Body Mass Index and Health related factors of Adolescent girls. Results: According to Psychological assessment78.46% had abnormal expression, poor hygiene, low decision making. 72.47% were underweight and 47.22% were anemic. Conclusions: More Active measures need to be taken for care of Psychological and Physical health. Awareness Programme needs to implement for Students, Parents, Teachers and Public.
INTRODUCTION: Although common hematological abnormalities (CHA) such as anemia, macrocytosis, and platelet dysfunction are often present in patients with schizophrenia, empirical data are limited. Thus far, such deviations have been mentioned either in reports or in a series of clinical cases. AIM: To study the incidence of CHA in patients with schizophrenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved 791 patients with schizophrenia [including those who did not receive medical drugs (n = 115) and patients with chronic schizophrenia (n = 376)] and 504 healthy volunteers. From each participant, blood samples were taken and analyzed for CHA using an automatic Coulter counter. In the three groups, 2 tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted to compare the variables. RESULTS: The incidence of macrocytosis was nearly the same in the schizophrenia group (patients not receiving medications, 10.5%; patients with chronic schizophrenia, 10.6%) and was significantly higher than that in the control group (4.2%). The platelet count was considerably higher in the chronic schizophrenia group ([282.5 87.9] 103/L) than in the group not receiving medical drugs ([277.0 92.8] 103/L) and control group ([249.6 85.2] 103/L), whereas the differences in the concentration of hemoglobin and leukocytes in the blood were insignificant. CONCLUSION: Patients with schizophrenia have a higher proportion of macrocytosis in combination with increased platelet count, which shows that the underlying diseases should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. Moreover, prospective studies with a larger sample size are necessary to determine the etiology of these conditions in patients with schizophrenia.
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