This cross-sectional study was carried out at the department of Pediatric Neurology, Institute of Pediatric Neurodisorder and Autism, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka with the aim to assess the relationship between gross motor function and MRI findings in children with cerebral palsy. The duration of the study was 12 months. All the cerebral palsy cases who met the selection criteria were enrolled. Detailed history taking and physical examination was done. The gross motor function of all cases was evaluated according to Gross Motor Function Classification System- Expanded and Revised (GMECS-E and R). Magnetic resonance imaging of brain was done in all enrolled patients and reports were evaluated. MRI findings were classified as maldevelopment, cortical and subcortical gray matter lesion, periventricular white matter injury, basal ganglia lesion, normal and other findings. A total of 45 children with cerebral palsy aged between 2 to 12 years were included in this study. Mean age of the children was 4.73 (+3.17) years. Male were 31 and female were 14 in number. Functionally majority patients were in GMFCS level IV (26.7%) and level V (20%). MRI findings were abnormal in 35 (77.78%) cases. Most common abnormal MRI finding was cortical and subcortical grey matter lesions 22 (48.9%). This study revealed that cortical and subcortical gray matter lesions were significantly associated with higher level of GMFCS (IV-V) (P=0.038) and maldevelopment of brain were also significantly associated with higher level of GMFCS (P=0.01). Normal MRI findings had significant association with mild to moderate GMFCS level (I-III) (P=0.012). From this study significant relationship was found between gross motor function and MRI of brain findings in children with cerebral palsy. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 2022;15(4):8-15
Joubert syndrome related disorder(JSRD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypotonia, abnormal eye movement,ataxia and breathing disturbance. The hall mark of the disease isthe presence of molar tooth malformationin magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain. Diagnosis ofJSRD is based on clinical and neuro-radiological findings. Early and accurate diagnosis can help in planning the early intervention measures to reduce morbidity. Here, we report two cases. The first case, a 15 month old female baby, presented with hypotonia, polydactyly and seizure with molar tooth sign (MTS) in the MRI of brain.The second case, a three and a half-year-old child presented with developmental delay, hypotonia, abnormal eye movement, seizure and classical MTS in MRI of brain. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2021; 39(2): 132-136
Os odontoideum (OO) is a rare condition defined radiographically as an oval or round-shaped ossicle of variable size with smooth circumferential cortical margins representing the odontoid process that has no continuity with the body of second cervical vertebra (C2). Since the upper cervical spinal region is complex from anatomical point of view and has many vital structures passing in close relation to each other it is important to review this topic. If a person suffers from hyper mobile dens due to insuffiency of its ligamentous complex, it may cause translation of the atlas on the axis and may compress the cervical cord or vertebral arteries. However, patients with this condition may be asymptomatic or may be symptomatic of a variety of neurological deficits and vascular dysfunctions. There are cases where patients suffering from Os odontoideum became quadriplegic after a minor trauma. The treatment of both the asymptomatic and symptomatic characteristics of this condition has undergone changes over the past few decades. In our paper we present two cases who presented as spastic quadriplegia, then was diagnosed as Os odontoideum (OO) and treated. Bangladesh J Child Health 2020; VOL 44 (2) :118-121
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