In this report, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) was synthesized by chemical method using Zinc Acetate dehydrate [Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O)] as precursors and Ethanol and distilled water as solvent. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used to maintain the pH and helps to establish the NPs. The NPs are characterized by XRD, UV-visible spectroscopy and SEM image analysis. The XRD characterization gives the polycrystalline nature of ZnO NPs with the size ~23 nm and ~27 nm calculated by Scherrer’s method and Williamson–Hall method respectively. The crystalline size of these NPs calculated using XRD pattern is validated by SEM image analysis. Using the UV-Visible spectrophotometer and Tauc plot method, the optical band gap of ZnO is found to be 3.35 eV. The uniform size distribution of NPs shown in SEM image and strong UV absorption shown in UV-Visible spectra indicate that thus prepared NPs are highly desirable for photo-catalytic activity and detection applications. BIBECHANA 19 (2022) 90-96
This study aimed to explore the leadership style of head teacher for the effective diversity management and investigate underlying assumption for respecting difference when act in diversity management the theoretical foundation for this underlying study was constructivist/interpretive the research method adopted for this study was qualitative along with hermeneutics phenomenology. Purposively, four head teachers from rural community schools of Dhankuta District were selected as participant. The participant head teacher were leading schools containing more than four diversities such as age, caste, gender, ethnicity. Profound interview was taken via interview guidelines from the participants based upon the experience in leadership style. Data analysis revealed with the themes of collaboration from the in depth interview and observing an activity of head teacher and services. From the interview protocol the responses had been transcribed and themes were organized to obtain main theme. The major results had been deduced from the main theme. Respect to culture, treating with caste and gender, minorities' advocacy and disability management were the prominent leadership strategies for the succession of school leadership. These strategies are more supportive to diversity management and valuable to conceive as appropriate styles for head teacher to his successful tenure.
Introduction: (259 words) Sunscreen is essential in preventing skin damage caused by harmful ultraviolet radiation. Regular and appropriate sunscreen application delays photoaging and reduces skin cancer risk. This study aims to assess the general knowledge and practice of sunscreen among medical undergraduates in Nepal.
In the far-western region of Nepal, particularly, in Doti, Baitadi and Dadeldhura, deuki pratha has been practiced as a long established tradition. However, Deuki pratha is considered illegal in Nepal. Deukis are offered to different deities by parents or others (wealthier couples). The reason behind deuki pratha rests on the belief that one’s family gets protection and good favour from the gods. Once offered as Deuki, the girl is not allowed to get married and is devoid of the family support. The major duty of Deuki is to serve the goddess and temple such as cleaning and looking after the temple. The study was conducted in Melauli Municipality of Baitadi district in Sudurpaschim province. This paper aims to highlight the social issues due to deuki in the study area. The study aimed to understand the socio-cultural beliefs of deuki tradition in the changing social and cultural contexts from the gender perspective and development. The study was based primarily on qualitative methods. The study revealed that deuki tradition is still practiced, though it is reported to be declined in the recent years. Unlike in the past, with the growing awareness by the joint efforts of government and non-government organizations' agencies, practice of Deuki has declined to a great extent but not abolished yet. There was mixed reaction regarding beliefs upon Deuki tradition among the locals. The study found that Deuki women who had been offered to the deity was unknowingly been isolated, when still as a girl and abused from the society as these came at the cost of personal and social life of women. With the growing awareness, and changing society, the locals and the followers of deuki pratha seem to welcome the changes and attitudes towards deuki pratha. However, the social and economic life styles of deukis are at stake. Though, some deukis own some private property, due to the lack of emotional and social support are bound to live forbidden and isolated life. Unlike, in the past, where deukis received reverence and importance, the perception towards deukis has worsened in the study area often belittled as prostitution and the disgrace to the society.
This study was conducted in the several districts of TI project implemented areas where 102 respondents as a sample size and 12 were the Female Who Injects Drugs (FWID): Kathmandu, Lalitpur Kaski, Tanahu, Chitwan, Kailali, Sarlahi and Jhapa respectively. For the study 10-15 participants enrolled from each districts. The major findings of the study are based upon the Drug User’s perspectives includes: PWIDs were unable to receive services from the Dropping in Centers (DIC) due to the extreme police harassment in the Kaski district. Using contaminated syringe, sharing of used syringe in a group, stolen syringe from the hospitals were the common trend identified during the gap of the project for PWIDs by Nepal Government in Kaski district, Tanahu district and Chitwan district respectively. This study reveals that there was lack of standard intervention protocol and guidelines for the PWIDs community. Furthermore, comprehensive package as well as multi years project was felt to be necessary without any gaps in the services to reduce the HIV transmission, HCV and Hep B among the PWIDs.
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