Side Lobe Level (SLL) is considered as the most significant array pattern parameter as it helps in reducing surrounding noise and interference. As higher SLL value results in higher wastage of power in undesired direction, transmitters of wireless communication systems face serious problems. In this paper, the optimal design of seven different sets of concentric circular antenna arrays (CCAAs) of isotropic antenna has been represented with the goal of maximum reduction in SLL. Optimal pattern synthesis of the proposed arrays has been executed by optimizing the normalized current distributions of array elements having fixed inter-element spacing. In present work interring spacing has been fixed at 0.5λ. In order to achieve low SLL in the radiation pattern of the optimized array antenna, many conventional optimization methods have been proposed in last few decades for handling complex, non-differentiable, discontinuous and highly nonlinear array factor. To deal with the problems of premature convergence (fall into local optima) feature of gravitational search algorithm (GSA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been merged. In high-dimensional space, gravitational search algorithm hybridized with particle swarm optimization (GSA-PSO) is considered while preserving the fast converging property of them. Numerical results in the present text assume the pattern synthesis of thinned array and non-uniformly excited array for seven different sets of CCAA geometries. An exhaustive simulation results are presented and the radiation pattern performances are analyzed. As compared with conventional optimization techniques like GSA and PSO, hybrid GSA-PSO technique outperforms with the goal of maximum SLL suppression.
Planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) is mainly fit for mobile devices. PIFA is mostly designed for dual band frequencies as it is capable of covering wide range of wireless services. This in turn helps in making it acceptable for designing mobile devices. Sizes of ground plane as well as PIFA’s position with respect to ground plane actually effect the performance of PIFA. For example, placement of PIFA at corner of ground plane shows good radiation pattern. Major prerequisite of 5G is nothing but the capability to enhance data volume to every single user, while supporting majority of mobile users as well as new maneuvers. The best part is advanced antenna array technologies are able to meet such requirements. Although PIFA antenna has gained popularity in designing mobile handsets, because of light weight, lower cost as well as higher directivity, PIFA antenna Arrays have been proved to be strong foundation for future 5G Mobile Communication Systems as PIFA Arrays provide better gain than single PIFA antenna in same frequency band. Current work presents a comprehensive study on so far impact of PIFA as well as PIFA Array in providing infrastructure for future mobile innovations suitable for 5G communication.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.