Inconel 625 is a super alloy that has excellent thermal and mechanical properties but is arduous to machine with conventional machining processes due to high melting point and hardness. Wire Electro Discharge machining, that have been an avowed unconventional process of machining that is mainly applied for the machining of tough and hard materials such as Inconel 625. An attempt, in this article, have been made to optimize the WEDM process parameters like servo voltage, peak current, spark-on time, spark-off time while machining on Inconel 625. The study considers Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (SR) as performance parameters of machining process. L16 orthogonal array is implemented to design the experiments. Mathematical relations between the response parameters and the input variables are computed using of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The mathematical models are then employed as a fitness function in the Multi-objective Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (MOGOA) for determining optimal process parameters. Later, a comparison of MOGOA has been done with Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA- II) and Multiple Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) and found superior to both. Also, for responses like surface roughness (SR) and material removal rate (MRR), the predicted values in the present study are found to be in good proximity to the experimented values.
The cross-sectional degradation of steel transmission tower members due to corrosion has been one of the major issues in the transmission line system. The degradation of appearance of the material has also been seen because of corrosion. Therefore, there is a need for a less corrosive and high strength alternate material for transmission towers. It seems in recent years that alternate materials have been needed to replace steel which have low maintenance cost and good resistance to corrosion. The advantages of composite transmission towers are fire resistant, high stiffness, durability, high strength, moderate ductility, rigidity, easy to assemble and economical. The present study has made an effort to evaluate the performance of composite transmission tower. The glass fibre polyamide composite material has been used as a structural material. First, a finite element tower model of 132 KV has been set up in Structural Analysis and Design Software as glass fibre polyamide structural material as per transmission tower design guidelines (Code for Transmission tower design, IS 802.1.1.1995, Bureau of Indian Standards). Second, all the active loads like wind load on the body, wind load on conducting wires and ground wires, weight of conducting wires, weight of structure, weight of ground wires, weight of insulator and weight of line man with tools are calculated manually as per transmission tower design guidelines and applied in the finite element tower model. The stress distribution of the composite tower model has been simulated in Structural Analysis and Design Software and the results have been analysed. The broken wire condition (if one conductor is broken or earth wire is broken) has been innovatively considered in the present study. Results obtained in this article show that maximum induced stress on transmission tower member is less than the deign strength of glass fibre polyamide composite material. The glass fibre polyamide composite material has been found to be capable to withstand the maximum stresses induced due to different loading conditions considered in the study.
The present study comprises of different types of cored sandwich structures with different core geometries. A combination of materials of skins and cores were considered to investigate the free vibrational or modal behaviour on the core materials and geometries for the structure for illuminating the vibrational aspects for failures. Subsequently, the deformation for sandwich structures with various core geometries and materials was also studied. The objective of the article is to provide an essence of vibrational performance study of aluminium alloy for both skins, and the results were compared among core materials unlike materially configured sandwich structures of honeycomb core. Simulations of mode shapes were obtained using the free vibrational constraints. From this study, it was obtained that, two types of core geometries strictly imply that there is obvious effect of shape of core in sandwich beam vibrational characteristics of structure, as in the study. Lastly, the results obtained by using honeycomb core geometry of certain material was compared to regular rectangular geometrized core and found to have better results in terms of natural frequencies and maximum deformation of the later. Thus, findings may serve as a case for application of similar structures in engineering applications.
The present investigation is devoted to explore the static stresses developed on gear tooth material at low speed and high torque for two different materials; C45 steel and high density polyethylene (HDPC). Subsequently a 3D spur gear pair is modeled in CATIA work bench and the stresses developed were analyzed using finite element analysis using ANSYS workbench 14.5. The results of bending stress distribution, modal displacement and modal frequencies for the first four modes were finally compared for both cases of the metallic and the HDPE made gear pairs.
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