Various methods for the production of linear alpha olefins are described. The main emphasis has been given to the literature information available on the cracking of paraffinic hydrocarbons or wax for making alpha olefins, a new chemical product for use in the detergent industry.
Keywords:Cracking of paraffins or waxes; alpha olefins; detergent chemical. 21 291 292 K. G. Mittal
Catalytic dehydrogenation of n-paraffinsCatalytic dehydrogenation produced olefins, predominantly internal, of the same chain lengths as the original paraffins. A part of the normal paraffinic feed also gets cracked to lower molecular hydrocarbons. An additional isomerisation step is needed to convert the internal olefins into a-olefins. It would also be necessary to separate the unconverted paraffins and other by-products like alkyl aromatics from the olefinic product.In the Pacol p r o~e s s ,~ developed by UOP, linear mono-olefins in range C y C l x are produced by dehydrogenating CII-Cl4 linear paraffins. The product contains about 94 wt% linear olefins, of which around 96 wt% are mono-olefins. By combining catalytic dehydrogenation of linear paraffins with selective extraction, linear internal mono-olefins of higher purity still are produced in the Pacol-Olex process' developed by the same Company.
A BS TRA CT Low pressure hydrocracking (40-80 atm., 425°C and 0.5 liquid hourly space velocity is achieved economically on a low cost spent hydrodesulphurisation catalyst (cobalt-molylalumina) using vacuum distillate of Indian crudes. Once through, conversion to products boiling below 371°C was in the range 40.69-43.04 wt % with the middle distillate amounting to 32.03-38.24 wt %.
Hydroconversion of n-heptane and toluene has been studied over a commercially proven Ni-W/SiO,-AI,O, amorphous base hydrocracking catalyst (suitable for maximizing middle distillates production from heavier feedstocks) under a wide range of operating conditions (pressure: 400-1200 psig; temperature: 315-36OoC, liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) -1 h-' and molar hydrogen/hydrocarbon feed ratio : 6-8) to assess the hydrogenation and cracking activities of the catalyst as part of the development of a quick methodology for catalyst screening. Hydroisomerization followed by hydrocracking, and hydrogenation followed by isomerization have been found to be the major reactions with n-heptane and toluene respectively as the feeds. The hydroconversion of toluene gives a very high selectivity of hydrogenated product. With n-heptane, a very high selectivity of hydroisomerized product, together with a high ratio of hydroisomerized to hydrocracked product, is obtained.
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