Chamomile is one of the most known medicinal and aromatic plants in Albania. It is well known in applications of cosmetic and skin care products and in natural remedies as well. The essential oils of chamomile flowerheads were extracted by subcritical CO2 and the extract fractions were analyzed by UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The extractions were carried out using high-pressure (65 bars) Soxhlet apparatus.
This study focuses on an adsorption method aiming surface characterization of porous solids. Natural Albanian clay, activated carbon and a medicinal Albanian plant are considered for the current characterization. These materials are widely used in chemical industry. The surface characterizations of these porous materials intend the determination of specific surface area, total volume of pores and the distribution of pores by size. The above-mentioned determinations make possible the prediction of these porous materials behavior during physicochemical processes carried out on their surfaces. Their characterization is carried out using the method of gases adsorption. In this context nitrogen is used as adsorption gas at 77 K. We found size of pores in the order of nanometer scale.
Fly ash is byproduct of thermal power plants. Millions tons of fly ash is produced globally. Fly ash is disposed partly in landfills but it could also be released into the atmosphere in the past. Fly ash is composed of silica, alumina, iron oxide, magnesia and activated carbon. Due to large surface area, fly ash is very suitable for catalysis application. It is well known and well reported that fly ash can be converted into efficient adsorptive material such as zeolites. In the present work, the transformation of fly ash into zeolite was carried out by alkali activation process of aluminosilicates material. The alkali solution releases silicon and aluminum ion into solution, which form afterwards Si-OH and Al-OH groups. FTIR spectroscopy was applied to characterize fly ash chemical activation, in order to conduct a study making intensive use of infrared spectroscopy and further to provide information on chemical bond vibrations in the molecular units of fly ash. The FTIR spectrum of solid base fly ash (SBFA) after chemical activation shows a significant increase in peak intensity of the band for-OH group.
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