Chronic oral exposure of mice to Cd++ inhibits cell-mediated immunity of delayed type hypersensitivity induced by sheep red blood cells (SRBC). No effect was detected on humoral immune response to SRBC. Spleen cells derived from mice exposed to Cd++ showed in vitro enhanced response to T and B cell mitogens. These results demonstrate that Cd++ exposure alters the immune system of mice.
Approximately one third of all patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis suffer from extra-intestinal manifestations of their inflammatory bowel disease. Most commonly those symptoms occur simultaneously with the CED symptoms; they can, however, either precede them or appear later on in the course of the disease. The most frequent extra-intestinal symptoms are arthralgias of peripheral joints and spine, which are usually bland and self-limiting, while ankylosing spondylitis and erosive arthritides are rare. Skin lesion and eye affections can also parallel the bowel condition, but occasionally they precede intestinal manifestations and can be a first diagnostic clue. In addition, different extra-intestinal symptoms tend to simultaneously co-occur more frequently in some patients with CED, while others are not affected at all. Immunogenetic parameters play a role for the manifestations of the pathologic immune response both in the gut and in the musculo-skeletal systems, as indicated by associations with MHC class I alleles. Enteropathic microorganisms are also thought to be involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms.
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