Background: Workplace violence (WPV) in the health care sector remains a prominent, under-reported global occupational hazard and public health issue. Objective: To determine the types and prevalence of WPV among doctors. Methods: Primary papers on WPV in medicine were identified through a literature search in 4 health databases (Ovid Medline, EMBASE, PsychoINFO and CINAHL). The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for the mapping and identification of records. To assess the studies included in our review, we used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme cohort review checklist and the Risk of Bias Assessment. Results: 13 out of 2154 articles retrieved were reviewed. Factors outlining physician WPV included (1) working in remote health care areas, (2) understaffing, (3) mental/emotional stress of patients/visitors, (4) insufficient security, and (5) lacking preventative measures. The results of 6 studies were combined in a meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of WPV was 69% (95% CI 58% to 78%). Conclusion: The impact of WPV on health care institutions is profound and far-reaching; it is quite common among physicians. Therefore, steps must be taken to promote an organizational culture where there are measures to protect and promote the well-being of doctors.

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Child-reported CHO-KLAT scores were lower in boys with severe HA in China than reported in countries with access to full-dose prophylaxis. Boys reported higher HR-QoL scores than their parents. Small improvements in ASK scores were noted following the prophylaxis phase. These changes were only significant in the parent-reported CHO-KLAT scores. Longer term prospective clinical trials are needed in China to determine the impact of prophylaxis on HR-QoL in boys with severe HA.

Background: Aboriginal children experience challenges to their health and well-being, yet also have unique strengths. It has been difficult to accurately assess their health outcomes due to the lack of culturally relevant measures. The Aboriginal Children's Health and Well-Being Measure (ACHWM) was developed to address this gap. This paper describes the validity of the new measure. Methods: We recruited First Nations children from one First Nation reserve in Canada. Participants were asked to complete the ACHWM independently using a computer tablet. Participants also completed the PedsQL. The ACHWM total score and 4 Quadrant scores were expected to have a moderate correlation of between 0.4 and 0.6 with the parallel PedsQL total score, domains (scale scores), and summary scores.

PurposeThe aim of this research was to evaluate the reliability of the Aboriginal Children’s Health and Well-Being Measure© (ACHWM).MethodsTwo cohorts of children from Wiikwemkoong Unceded Territory were recruited for this study. Each child completed the ACHWM independently on a computer tablet running a customized survey app. The data from the first and second cohorts were used to estimate the internal consistencies using Cronbach’s alpha. A subgroup of the second cohort completed the survey twice, within the same day. The data from this subgroup was used to evaluate the test–retest reliability using a random effects Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC).ResultsThere were 124 participants in the first cohort and 132 participants in the second cohort. The repeated measures subgroup was comprised of 29 participants from the second cohort. The internal consistency statistic (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.93 for the first and second cohorts. The test–retest reliability ICC was 0.94 (95% CI 0.86–0.97) for the ACHWM summary scores based on the repeated measures subgroup.ConclusionsThese results establish the internal consistency and the test–retest validity of the ACHWM. This important finding will enable Aboriginal communities to use this measure with confidence and promote the voices of their children in reporting their health. The ACHWM is an essential data gathering tool that enables evidence-based health care for Aboriginal communities.

Introduction The treatment of haemophilia varies across countries and across regions within some countries. Similar variation has been observed in health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL). Relatively little is known about the HR‐QoL of boys with haemophilia in China. Aim The aim of this study was to describe the HR‐QoL of boys with haemophilia in China using the Canadian Haemophilia Outcomes‐Kids Life Assessment Tool (CHO‐KLAT). Methods Boys (4‐18 years of age) with haemophilia and their parents were enroled in a cross‐sectional study. All parents/guardians of study subjects were requested to complete a CHO‐KLAT questionnaire during a clinic visit, and report on several other clinical and socioeconomic factors in the past year. Boys who were > 7 years also completed the CHO‐KLAT. Results A total of 269 parents of boys with haemophilia, from 13 hospitals in 12 provinces, were enroled during 2014. The boys ranged from 4.0 to 17.9 years of age; 91% had haemophilia A, most had moderate (52%) or severe (36%) disease, and most were receiving sub‐optimal on‐demand therapy or low‐dose prophylactic therapy. Child self‐report CHO‐KLAT scores were available for 171 boys ≥7 years of age and ranged from 24.2 to 85.3 with a mean of 57.6 (n = 171). Parent proxy‐reported CHO‐KLAT scores ranged from 25.0 to 88.7 with a mean of 55.1 (n = 269). Conclusion HR‐QoL scores in boys with haemophilia in China were substantially lower than reported from Canadian and European boys with haemophilia. Longer term prospective studies are required to examine the factors impacting the HR‐QoL for boys with haemophilia in China.

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