Crystal structures of two potential chemotherapeutic agents, namely 4-nitrobenzyl N′-(adamantan-1-yl)­piperidine-1-carbothioimidate 1 and 4-bromobenzyl N′-(adamantan-1-yl)­piperidine-1-carbothioimidate 2, have been analyzed in detail. X-ray analysis reveals that the molecular conformations of these compounds are strikingly different. These two structures are compared with two of their closely related structures. In the related structures, morpholine replaces piperidine. Based on the Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional (2D) fingerprint plots, we describe the effects of piperidine/morpholine and Br/NO2 groups on the intermolecular interactions. An analysis of the CLP-PIXEL energy provides insight into the energetics of the dimers observed in the title compounds and their related structures. Compound 1 stabilizes with bifurcated C–H···S, C–H···O, and O­(lp)···C­(π) interactions, whereas compound 2 stabilizes with C–H···N, C–H···Br, and C–H···C interactions. The energy frameworks for the crystal structures of the title compounds reveal differences. The atoms-in-molecules (AIM) analysis was performed to confirm the intermolecular interactions found in the crystal structures of 1 and 2. Additionally, docking analysis suggests that the title compounds bind at the active site of human sphingosine kinase 1, a well-known cancer target.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the ideal process parameters to be set for the drilling of hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) (kenaf and banana) composite using High-Speed Steel drill bits (5, 10, 15 mm) coated with tungsten carbide by means of statistical reproduction of the delamination factor and machining force using Taguchi–Grey Relational Analysis.Design/methodology/approachThe contemplated process parameters are Feed, Speed and Drill Diameter. The trials were carried out by taking advantage of the L-27 factorial design by Taguchi. Three factors, the three level Taguchi Orthogonal Array design in Grey Relational Analysis was used to carry out the trial study. Video Measuring System was used to identify the damage around the drill region. “Minitab 18” was used to examine the data collected by taking advantage of the various statistical and graphical tools available. Examination of variance is used to legitimize the model in identifying the most notable parameter.FindingsThe optimised set of input parameters were found out successfully which are as follows: Feed Rate: 450 mm/min, Cutting Speed: 3,000 rpm and Drill Diameter of 5 mm. When these values are fed in as input the optimised output is being obtained. From ANOVA analysis, it is apparent that the Speed (contribution of 92.6%) is the most influencing parameter on the delamination factor and machining force of the FRP material.Originality/valueOptimization of process parameters on drilling of natural fibres reinforced in epoxy resin matrices using Taguchi–Grey Relational Analysis has not been previously explored.

Two biologically active adamantane-linked hydrazine-1-carbothioamide derivatives, namely 2-(adamantane-1-carbonyl)-N-(tert-butyl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide) 1 and 2-(adamantane-1-carbonyl)-N-cyclohexylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide 2, have been synthesized. X-ray analysis was conducted to study the effect of the t-butyl and cyclohexyl moieties on the intermolecular interactions and conformation of the molecules in the solid state. X-ray analysis reveals that compound 1 exhibits folded conformation, whereas compound 2 adopts extended conformation. The Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the contributions of the major intercontacts involved in the stabilization of the crystal structures do not change much as a result of the t-butyl and cyclohexyl moieties. However, the presence and absence of these contacts is revealed by the 2D-fingerprint plots. The CLP–Pixel method was used to identify the energetically significant molecular dimers. These dimers are stabilized by different types of intermolecular interactions such as N–H···S, N–H···O, C–H···S, C–H···O, H–H bonding and C–H···π interactions. The strength of these interactions was quantified by using the QTAIM approach. The results suggest that N–H···O interaction is found to be stronger among other interactions. The in vitro assay suggests that both compounds 1 and 2 exhibit urease inhibition potential, and these compounds also display moderate antiproliferative activities. Molecular docking analysis shows the key interaction between urease enzyme and title compounds.

No abstract