Lymph node metastasis was detected in 27 of 71 patients who underwent neck dissection. Node metastasis was detected in 19 (61.3%) of 31 patients in whom high-grade malignancy was suggested and in 8 (22.9%) of 35 patients in whom intermediate-grade malignancy was suggested preoperatively. There was no metastasis in any of the five patients in whom low-grade malignancy was suggested. Occult metastasis was noted in 8 of 51 patients. The rate at which the histological grade was accurately diagnosed before surgery was low, especially in patients with low-grade malignancy.
A tumor with an MFTD ≥3 mm on preoperative ultrasonography is very likely to be a deep tumor based on a new differentiation method for deep parotid tumors considering those present at other locations.
The production of specific IgE antibodies directed toward cedar pollen correlates well with the onset of allergic rhinitis; but the mechanisms of allergen recognition as nonself and Ig class switch to IgE by the immune system are still not fully understood. In the present study, we injected cedar pollen into mice through 4 different routes (intranasal (i.n.), intraperitoneal (i.p.), intravenous (i.v.), and subcutaneous (s.c.)) without adjuvant 1 to 3 times, and determined time‐dependent changes in the total and specific serum IgE levels compared with those in the serum levels of other isotype Igs. After an i.p. or i.n. injection of allergen into the mice, they produced a 1.5‐ to 1.7‐fold increase in total IgE, but none in IgG, IgM, or IgA antibodies in their serum, whereas an i.v. or s.c. injection of allergen was inactive as an inducer of total IgE antibodies. Upon a 2nd (s.c.) injection of the allergen into the i.p. or i.n. sensitized mice, a large amount of allergen‐specific IgE antibodies was found in the serum. In the case of i.v. or s.c. sensitized mice, however, they produced total, but not specific, IgE antibodies; and a 3rd (s.c.) injection of the allergen resulted in a large amount of specific IgE antibodies in the serum. These results imply that resident cells at the i.p. or i.n. injection site may play a crucial role in the efficient production of total and specific IgE antibodies toward the allergen.
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)3 markers (i.e., perforin and Fas ligand) are always present in biopsies of tissues undergoing rejection but are absent in those of nonrejected tissue (35). Allo-antigen-specific CTLs can be isolated from allografts being rejected but not from biopsies that show no rejection (9). The adoptive transfer of alloreactive CTLs into SCID mice can cause allograft rejection and the adoptively transferred CTLs can be recovered from grafts undergoing rejection (41). Similarly, in several well-studied viral model systems, splenic CD8 ϩ T cells with strong cytotoxic activity are readily detected 6 to 8 days after primary acute infection (16
Abstract: CD8؉ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) generated by immunization with allogeneic cells or viral infection are able to lyse allogeneic or virally infected in vitro cells (e.g., lymphoma and mastocytoma). In contrast, it is reported that CD8 ؉ T cells are not essential for allograft rejection (e.g., heart and skin), and that clearance of influenza or the Sendai virus from virus-infected respiratory epithelium is normal or only slightly delayed after a primary viral challenge of CD8-knockout mice. To address this controversy, we gen-
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