Background The population's mental and physical health worldwide are currently at risk due to the coronavirus pandemic. We evaluated the mental health status of the adolescents trapped indoors because of the precautionary restrictions and prolonged closure of the educational institutions. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescents from multiple urban and semi-urban areas of Bangladesh from 22 January to 3 February 2021. A self-reported online questionnaire containing questions regarding sociodemographic factors, home quarantine-related factors and mental health symptoms was distributed to collect data. Descriptive analysis, bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to measure the association of the variables. Cronbach's alpha was estimated to present the internal consistency of the scales. Results A total of 322 adolescents (aged 12–19) with a mean age of 16.00 years (SD = 1.84) responded to the invitation. 54.97% (n = 177) of them were male, and the participants were predominantly urban residents (87.27%, n = 281). We observed varying degrees of depression in 67.08%, anxiety in 49.38% and stress in 40.68% of the participants according to DASS-21. Age, sex, education, mother's occupation, total monthly income, playing sports, doing household chores, going out of home, watching television, using the internet, attending online classes, changing food habits, and communicating with friends had a positive significant association with mental health burdens. Conclusion Home quarantine has a noticeable adverse impact on the mental health of teenagers. Psychological evaluations and counselling via online and offline programs are essential to improve adolescents' declining mental health conditions.
BackgroundMeasuring hospital efficiency is a systematic process to optimizing performance and resource allocation. The current review study has investigated the key input, process, and output indicators that are commonly used in measuring the technical efficiency of the hospital to promote the accuracy of the results.MethodsTo conduct this systematic review, the electronic resources and databases MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Ovid, Proquest, Google Scholar, and reference lists of the selected articles were used for searching articles between 2010 and 2019. After in-depth reviews based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, among 1,537 studies, 144 articles were selected for the final assessment. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Checklist was used for evaluating the quality of the articles. The main findings of studies have been extracted using content analysis.ResultsAfter the final analysis, the Context/Input indicators that were commonly considered by studies in analyzing hospital technical efficiency include different variables related to Hospital Capacity, Structure, Characteristics, Market concentration, and Costs. The Process/Throughput indicators include different variables related to Hospital Activity or services-oriented process Indicators, Hospital Quality-oriented process indicators, and Hospital Educational processes. Finally, the Output/Outcome indicators include different variables related to Hospital Activity-related output variables and Quality-related output/outcomes variables.ConclusionThis study has identified that it is necessary to mix and assess a set of input, process, and output indicators of the hospital with both quantitative and qualitative indicators for measuring the technical efficiency of hospitals comprehensively.
Background Women's sexual health and physical desire for sex are most important for their emotional and physical well-being. This study aimed to examine the status of sexual dysfunction among postmenopausal women in Bangladesh and assess the significant risk factors behind this. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 45–55 years in four public and private hospitals in Bangladesh from April 2021 to June 2021 using a multi-stage sampling technique to enroll the study participants. The female sexual function index (FSFI) scale measured the prevalence of FSD, and the relationship of independent risk factors were assessed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results The total score of FSFI among postmenopausal Bangladeshi women was 18.07 ± 8.51. Among 260 participants, the prevalence of FSD was 56.9%. Out of all the significant risk factors, increasing age, urban population group, multiparous, homemakers, duration of menopause, and postmenopausal women with no hormone therapy were significantly associated with FSD. In contrast, those with regular physical activity were protective of FSD. Conclusion In conclusion, a significant proportion of postmenopausal Bangladeshi women are enduring sexual dysfunction. Proper hormonal therapy and non-hormonal therapies such as physical activity and pelvic floor muscle (Kegel) exercise with adequate counseling are helpful to cope in this distressing situation.
BACKGROUND Bangladesh recently experienced a COVID-19 second wave, resulting in the highest number of new cases and deaths in a single day. This study aims to identify the challenges for COVID-19 preventive practices and risk communications and associated factors among Bangladeshi adults. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted between December 2020 and January 2021 involving 1,382 Bangladeshi adults (aged ≥ 18-years) in randomly selected urban and rural areas from all eight divisions in Bangladesh. Descriptive data analysis was conducted to highlight the challenges for preventive practices and risk communications for COVID-19. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the sociodemographic groups vulnerable to these challenges. RESULTS Lack of availability of protective equipment (44.4%), crowded living situations/workspaces (36.8%), inadequate information on the proper use of protective measures (21.9%), inadequate hand washing and sanitation facilities (17.6%), and negative influences of family/friends (17.4%) were identified as barriers to COVID-19 preventive practices. It was also found that males (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.01,1.7), rural residents (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2,2), respondents with a low level of education: No schooling vs ≥ higher secondary (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 2.3,5.2), Primary vs ≥ higher secondary (OR = 2.5, 95%CI = 1.7,3.8), respondents engaged in agricultural (OR = 1.7, 95%CI = 1.2,2.4), laboring (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 2,5), and domestic (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.07,2.5) works, and people with disabilities (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1,2.6) were all likely to have difficulty in practicing effective COVID-19 protective behaviors. Respondents’ education and occupation were significant predictors of inadequate understanding of COVID-19 risk communications and was identified as a problem among 17.4% of the respondents. CONCLUSION A substantial percentage of Bangladeshi adults have difficulty practicing COVID-19 protective behaviors and have poor comprehension of risk communications, that is particularly prevalent in rural areas and among those with low education. This research can aid policymakers in developing tailored COVID-19 risk communications and mitigation strategies to help prevent future waves of the pandemic.
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