Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the poorly rendered services in developing countrieslimited resources, increasing population, rapid urbanization and application of outdated systems leads to inefficiency. Lack of proper planning and inadequate data regarding solid waste generation and collection compound the SWM problem. Decision makers need to formulate solutions that consider multiple goals and strategies. Given the large number of available options for SWM and the inter-relationships among these options, identifying SWM strategies that satisfy economic or environmental objectives is a complex task. The paper develops a mathematical model for a municipal Integrated SWM system, taking into account waste generation rates, composition, transportation modes, processing techniques, revenues from waste processing, simulating waste management as closely as possible. The constraints include those linking waste flows and mass balance, processing plants capacity, landfill capacity, transport vehicle capacity and number of trips. The linear programming model integrating different functional elements was solved by LINGO optimization software and various possible waste management options were considered during analysis. The model thus serves as decision support tool to evaluate various waste management alternatives and obtain the least-cost combination of technologies for handling, treatment and disposal of solid waste.
Environmentally acceptable management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has become a challenge due to limited resources, increasing population and rapid urbanization. Kolkata city, with an area of 187.33 km2 and a population of about 10 million (including a floating population of about 6 million), generates about 3,500 MT of solid waste per day. Daily disposal rate of solid waste at Dhapa exceeds 3,000 MT d-1 while at Garden Reach the disposal is 100-150 MT d-1. Conservancy staff collects waste from households and streets and dumps them at skips/MS containers (55%) or at open vats (45%). Collected waste is transported directly to disposal ground at Dhapa by KMC departmental vehicles and KMC-hired vehicles. Lack of proper planning and inadequate data regarding solid waste generation and collection compound the solid waste management problem. GIS as a tool can recognise, correlate and analyse relationship between spatial and non-spatial data- it can thus be used as a decision support tool for efficient management of the different functional elements solid waste e.g. bin location, number of bins required, waste transportation, generating work schedules for workers and vehicles. This study examines GIS application in assisting locational analysis of waste bins in Kolkata and optimise the overall solid waste collection process.
Solid waste management (SWM) is among the poorly rendered services in developing countries — limited resources, increasing population, rapid urbanisation and application of unscientific, outdated systems leads to inefficiency. Lack of proper planning and inadequate data regarding solid waste generation and collection compound the solid waste management problem. Given the large number of available waste management options and the inter-relationships among them, identifying SWM strategies that satisfy economic or environmental objectives is a complex task. The paper integrates the effects of transfer station(s) to a mathematical model developed for a municipal Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) system and focusses on the effect of inclusion of transfer stations on the overall efficiency and cost-effectiveness of an ISWM system. The model then serves as decision support tool to evaluate various waste management alternatives and identifies the least cost optimal combination of technologies for the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste. The constraints include those linking waste flows and mass balance, processing plants capacity, landfill capacity, transport vehicle capacity and number of trips. The linear programming model integrating different functional elements was solved by LINGO optimisation software and various possible waste management options were considered during analysis.
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