Background. Several studies have suggested that increased oxidative stress during pregnancy may be associated with adverse maternal and foetal outcomes. As selenium is an essential mineral with an antioxidant role, our aim was to perform a systematic review of the existing literature reporting the effects of selenium supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Materials and Methods. Six electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed) were searched for studies reporting the effects of selenium supplementation during pregnancy and the postpartum period on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Only randomised controlled trials on human subjects reported in English and published up to October 2021 were included. Quality assessments were conducted using the modified Downs and Black quality assessment tool. Data were extracted using a narrative synthesis. Results. Twenty-two articles were included in our systematic review (seventeen reported on maternal outcomes, two on newborn outcomes, and three on both). Maternal studies reported the effects of selenium supplementation in the prevention of thyroid dysfunction, gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension/preeclampsia, oxidative stress, postpartum depression, premature rupture of membranes, intrauterine growth retardation, breastmilk composition, and HIV-positive women. Newborn studies reported the effects of maternal selenium supplementation on foetal oxidation stress, foetal lipid profile, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and newborn outcomes in HIV-positive mothers. The majority of studies were inappropriately designed to establish clinical or scientific utility. Of interest, four studies reported that selenium supplementation reduced the incidence of thyroid dysfunction and permanent hypothyroidism during the postpartum period by reducing thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibody titres. Conclusion. The evidence supporting selenium supplementation during pregnancy is poor and there is a need for appropriately designed randomised controlled trials before routine use can be recommended.
Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is due to abnormal Narrowing of arteries other than heart and brain (primarily due to atherosclerosis). PAD is the most common form of PVD. Aims and Objectives: In the present study, we analyzed Vitamin D association with peripheral vascular diseases as well as coagulation and inflammation parameters. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted for 100 PAD patients of 18–70 years age and divided in Group I≤20ng/ml and Group II>20ng/ml for serum Vitamin D level. A single, oral, and high- dose Vitamin D3 supplementation 1,20,000IU was given in GroupI. At baseline and at the end of the study after 1 month, Ankle Brachial Index, modified Rankin Scale, Vitamin D, Inflammation and coagulation parameter, HbA1c, etc., were performed in all patients. Evaluation was done using SPSS. The level P<0.05 was considered as the cut off value of significance. Results: The majority of the PAD patients were Vitamin D deficient and have higher HbA1c level with statistically significant (P<0.05) association. This is because low Vitamin D is the risk factor for diabetes in which HbA1c level is higher. Conclusion: Asingle, oral, and high-dose Vitamin D3 supplementation did not alter parameters of inflammation and hemostasis in patients with peripheral arterial disease, adding more data to other studies that did not confirm a causal role of Vitamin D in cardiovascular disease.
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