In this study, the novel Poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)/ polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Al2O3 nanocomposite blend membranes with hydrophilic surface were prepared for the first time and used for removal of Arsenic from aqueous environments. First, PVDF/PVA blend membranes were prepared via Non-solvent-Induced Phase Separation method and then the characterization was done by several methods. Presence of PVA in membrane matrix caused significant improvements in hydrophilicity and permeability. Although the water contact angle was about 86 for the pure PVDF membrane, it reduced to about 44 for the membrane with the highest PVA content (PVDF/PVA mass ratio = 92/8). Based on the results of the scanning electron microscopy analysis, contact angle measurements, permeability (pure water permeation flux), and tensile strength tests the membrane with PVDF/PVA ratio of 96/4 was selected as the base membrane; thereafter, Al2O3 nanoparticles with weight percents of 1-to 5% (with respect to total polymer weight) were added to the casting solution of the aforementioned blend membrane. The resulted nanocomposites were evaluated through further experiments such as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and Arsenic rejection test. The results showed that removal efficiency was directly dependent on Al2O3 concentrations in membrane's matrix so that it soared to 90% for the membrane including 5% of Al2O3. Besides increase in hydrophilicity and permeability, adding nanoparticles also caused significant improvements in mechanical properties of the prepared nanocomposite membranes. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:2452-2461, 2019

This review provides a comprehensive overview on applications, preparation methods, and most notably the performance efficiency of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based membranes for filtration of aqueous environments. Incorporation of PVA into the membrane matrix significantly enhances such characteristics as antifouling and antibacterial properties as well as hydrophilicity and permeability in the water and wastewater filtrations. Contribution of different PVAbased modular membranes for water purification targets via a comparative review on previous researches is the main theme in this work. Alongside with the focused topic, some basic theories and principals of blend and composite polymer films as well as polymer fibers are debated before the main discussions. This review will ultimately facilitate further development of PVA membranes for the future investigations.

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