Background Happiness and professional autonomy in nurses increase job satisfaction, reduce turnover and improve the quality of healthcare services. Aims The present study aimed to examine the correlation between happiness and professional autonomy in Iranian nurses. Methods This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 371 nurses in 2017. The participants were selected via two-step random sampling. Data were collected using the Oxford Happiness Inventory and Dempster Practice Behaviors Scale within the score ranges of 0–87 and 30–150, respectively. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16. Results Mean score of happiness among nurses was 43.1 ± 13.3 and the mean score of professional autonomy was 96.4 ± 13.5. According to Pearson's correlation coefficient, professional autonomy had a positive, significant correlation with happiness ( r = 0.481; p < 0.001). In addition, the results of regression analysis indicated that professional autonomy could predict 23% of the happiness variance in the nurses ( p < 0.001). Conclusions According to the results, the level of happiness in Iranian nurses was favourable, whereas the level of professional autonomy was moderate. Considering the significant correlation between happiness and professional autonomy, attention should be paid to the simultaneous enhancement of these variables to improve the efficiency of nursing care.

Background Employee bullying and burnout are two crucial, prevalent and challenging concepts that adversely affect organizational staff behaviours. Also, adverse patient care is associated with nurse bullying and burnout. Aim This study aimed to assess the incidence and association between workplace bullying and occupational burnout among nurses in critical care units in Iran. Study design A cross‐sectional descriptive study. Methods The subjects were 184 nurses from critical care units in 6 teaching hospitals in Iran. Three questionnaires were distributed among the study population; (a) demographic characteristics questionnaire, (b) Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and (c) bullying at Workplace Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to present the workplace bullying and occupational burnout status among nurses. Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the relationship between workplace bullying with MBI and nurses' demographic characteristics, respectively. Results 62% of the nurses had moderate emotional exhaustion, 59.8% had moderate depersonalization and 46.2% had a moderate individual achievement. 75.5% faced workplace bullying. There was a positive and significant association between bullying scores and burnout in total (Pearson's r = 0.598, p < 0.001). Linear regression test showed a positive and significant relationship between bullying with MBI dimensions (R = 0.613, p < 0.001) for emotional exhaustion, (R = 0.679, p < 0.001) for depersonalization and (R = −0.417, p < 0.001) for individual achievement. Conclusions Among Iranian nurses, bullying is a prominent and substantial issue that significantly correlates with their negative performance by enhancing job burnout. Relevance to Clinical Practice It is suggested that some measures are adopted to avoid workplace bullying and to reduce occupational burnout for nurses. Managers should create an environment that encourages nurses to voice their concerns – informing nurses about their rights and creating a positive atmosphere in the hospital.

Background: One of the psychological complications of heart failure is anxiety, especially death anxiety, which leads to poor quality of life in patients and impaired prognosis of the disease. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to Investigating Death Anxiety and its Relationship with Some Demographic Variables in Patients with Heart Failure investigate death anxiety level and its association with some demographic variables in patients with heart failure. Methods: It was a descriptive-analytical study conducted on 80 patients with heart failure referring to Valiasr Hospital and Ayatollah Mousavi Zanjan between March 2018 and August 2018. A three-prat questionnaire was used to collect data: 1. Demographic characteristics, 2. Templer death anxiety scale 3. Beck anxiety scale (to determine patients' baseline anxiety). For analyzing the data, descriptive statistics and ANCOVA were used in SPSS v.22 software. Results: The age range of the patients was between 27 and 98 years, with the highest age group (65 years) with 83.8%. Fifty-two point five percent of the sample were female (n=42) and 47.5% were male (n=38). Seventy two point five percent were married, 61% were illiterate, 40% were unemployed and 55% reported poor financial status. The mean score of death anxiety in heart failure patients was 47.95. The highest score of death anxiety in these patients was 61 (1.3%) and the lowest score was 30 (1.3%). More than 90% of patients had moderate (82.5%) and severe (11.25%) death anxiety. The results of ANCOVA showed that the relationship between death anxiety level and employment status variable (P<0.04) was significant. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated a high death anxiety among the majority of studied population which can be due to lack of adequate training in coping with death anxiety in patients with heart failure. Accordingly, it is suggested that more attention should be paid to mental health authorities in order to improve the mental health of these populations in this area.

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Background: Globalization is accompanied by cultural diversity. Although cultural differences are an integral part of this phenomenon, it seems that language barriers would make communication difficult. This study investigates how cultural intelligence (CQ) correlates with communication skills (CSs) and social interactions (SIs) of emergency department (ED) staff members. This study investigates how cultural intelligence (CQ) correlates with communication skills (CSs) and social interactions (SIs) of the emergency department (ED) staff members.Methods: This Cross-sectional study was performed on 197 ED staff members of three hospitals in Zanjan-Iran in 2019. The tools used for data collection include the Cultural Intelligence Scale, Communication Skills Scale, and Social Interaction Questionnaires.Results: The results of this study revealed that the mean CQ score of participants was 85.78 ± 6.24 out of 140 and the total mean score of CSs was 55.41 ± 3.9 out of 90. In terms of SIs, the mean score of the positive thoughts dimension of the subjects (47.86 ± 4.14) was more than that of negative thoughts (33.01 ± 3.92). The total score of CQ had a positive correlation with CSs such that an increase in the CQ level results in an increase in positive thoughts and a decrease in negative thoughts (P< 0.001).Conclusions: An increase in CQ of the ED staff members is accompanied by an increase in their CSs and positive thoughts. To improve the communication and service quality of the ED, leaders are recommended to provide some courses to enhance the CQ and cultural competence level of their employees.